58 articles
MMST
MMST is a word stamped on the royal storage-jar handles of Hezekiah, king of Judah, in the late eighth century BCE, and scholars still dispute its meaning.
Mosaic of Rehob
The Mosaic of Rehob, or Rehov mosaic inscription, is a 6th–7th-century Hebrew synagogue inscription from the Beth Shean Valley, Israel, listing rabbinic laws of the Sabbatical year and tithing.
Mount Ebal lead tablet
The Mount Ebal lead tablet is a small folded lead object found on Mount Ebal in 2019, claimed to bear the earliest Hebrew inscription, a reading many scholars dispute.
Nethinim
The Nethinim, also called Nathinites, were a class of temple servants in post-exilic Jerusalem, named from Hebrew for "given ones" and ranked below priests and Levites.
Omride dynasty
The Omride dynasty, also called the House of Omri (Bit-Humri in Assyrian records), was the ninth-century BC ruling dynasty of northern Israel, founded by King Omri.
Ophel inscription
The Ophel inscription, also called the Ophel pithos inscription, is a disputed seven-letter alphabetic inscription on a storage jar found in 2012 on the Ophel in Jerusalem.
Pim weight
The pim (Hebrew פים) was a Judahite weight equal to two-thirds of a shekel, about 7.8 grams, known from inscribed stone weights and 1 Samuel 13:21.
Proto-Aeolic capitals
Proto-Aeolic capitals, also called Proto-Ionic or volute capitals, are Iron Age stone capitals carved with two volutes, used in the gates and palaces of Israel, Judah, Moab, and Ammon.
Royal steward
The royal steward, Hebrew ʾăšer ʿal-habbayit ("the one who is over the house"), was the highest court office beneath the king in Judah in the 8th and 7th centuries BC.
Royal Steward Inscription
The Royal Steward Inscription, also known as the Shebna inscription, is a Paleo-Hebrew epitaph from a rock-cut tomb at Silwan, Jerusalem, dating to the 7th century BCE.
Samareitikon
The Samareitikon (Samaritikon) is a disputed Greek version of the Pentateuch associated with the Samaritan recension, named from readings marked in Origen's Hexapla and known only from fragments.
Samaria ivories
The Samaria ivories are carved ivory furniture inlays excavated at Samaria, capital of the kingdom of Israel, between 1908 and 1935, dated to the 9th–8th centuries BCE.
Samaria ostraca
The Samaria ostraca are 102 Hebrew-inscribed potsherds found at Samaria, ancient Israel's capital, recording wine and oil deliveries in the first half of the 8th century BCE.
Samaritan Aramaic
Samaritan Aramaic is the Western Aramaic dialect of the Samaritans, spoken in Samaria during the Roman and Byzantine periods and used in the Samaritan Targum.
Sanballat (governor of Samaria)
Sanballat, also known as Sanballat the Horonite, was governor of Samaria under Persian rule in the mid-fifth century BC and the leading opponent of Nehemiah's rebuilding of Jerusalem's walls.
Seal of Gemariah son of Shaphan
The Seal of Gemariah son of Shaphan is a clay bulla excavated in Jerusalem in 1982, inscribed for a royal official named in Jeremiah 36.
Seal of Shema
The Seal of Shema, servant of Jeroboam, is a jasper seal with a roaring lion, found at Megiddo in 1904 and lost in Topkapi Palace, Istanbul.
Siloam Inscription
The Siloam Inscription, also called the Siloam tunnel inscription or Shiloah Inscription, is a six-line Hebrew inscription in Hezekiah's Tunnel, Jerusalem, commemorating the tunnel's completion around 700 BC and now held in Istanbul.
Ta'anakh cult stand
The Ta'anakh cult stand, also spelled Taanach cult stand, is an elaborately decorated clay cult stand excavated at Taanach, near Megiddo, in 1968 and dated to the 10th century BC.
Tel Rehov apiary inscriptions
The Tel Rehov apiary inscriptions are eleven short inscriptions of the 10th–9th centuries BCE, found on storage jars at Tel Rehov, a major Iron Age city in northern Israel.
Tel Zayit abecedary
The Tel Zayit abecedary is a limestone boulder incised with the complete 22-letter Canaanite alphabet, found in Israel in 2005 and dated to the tenth century BC.
Temple Warning inscription
The Temple Warning inscription is a Greek stone notice barring foreigners from the inner courts of the Second Temple in Jerusalem, on pain of death.
Three shekel ostracon
The Three shekel ostracon is an inscribed pottery sherd recording a donation of three shekels of silver to the Temple of Yahweh in Jerusalem, now widely regarded as a probable forgery.
Tirshatha
Tirshatha (Hebrew תִּרְשָׁתָא) is a foreign-derived title, understood as Persian for "governor," applied in Ezra and Nehemiah to Zerubbabel and Nehemiah, governors of Persian-period Judah.
Trumpeting Place inscription
The Trumpeting Place inscription is a first-century Hebrew stone found fallen from the Temple Mount's southwest corner, where priests announced the Sabbath with a trumpet blast.
Yeho'ezer ben Hosh'ayahu seal
The Yeho'ezer ben Hosh'ayahu seal is a black stone stamp seal from Jerusalem's late First Temple period, bearing a paleo-Hebrew inscription and a winged genie.
Yehud coinage
Yehud coinage (Yehud coins) is the small silver coinage of the Persian province of Judah, struck from the mid-fourth century BCE, mostly bearing the Paleo-Hebrew legend YHD.
Yehud stamp impressions
Yehud stamp impressions, also called Yehud seals, are inscribed stamps on storage jars from the Persian province of Judah, used mainly to mark government wine and oil.