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Ancient Mesopotamia

1,122 articles

Dayyan-Assur

Dayyan-Assur (Dāyān-Aššur) was commander-in-chief of the Assyrian army under King Shalmaneser III, leading campaigns to Urartu and Qarqar, and his 853 BC eponymate anchors 9th-century chronology.

Death of Gilgamesh

The Death of Gilgamesh is a Sumerian narrative poem about the death, funeral, and netherworld fate of Gilgamesh, king of Uruk, one of five short Sumerian Gilgamesh poems.

Death of Ur-Namma

The Death of Ur-Namma is a Sumerian poem on the death in battle of Ur-Namma, first king of the third dynasty of Ur, and his journey to the netherworld.

Debate between Bird and Fish

The Debate between Bird and Fish is a Sumerian disputation poem, c. 2000 BCE, in which King Shulgi judges a rank contest and awards victory to Bird.

Debate between Sheep and Grain

The Debate between Sheep and Grain is a Sumerian disputation poem in which Sheep and Grain argue, with the god Enki ruling in Grain's favor.

Debate between Silver and Copper

The Debate between Silver and Copper is a Sumerian disputation poem, one of eight known debate poems, in which Silver and Copper claim superiority over each other.

Debate between the Hoe and the Plough

The Debate between the Hoe and the Plough is a Sumerian disputation poem in which the two farm tools argue and Enlil rules for the hoe.

Debate between tree and reed

The Debate between tree and reed is a Sumerian disputation poem, cataloged as cSL 5.3.4, in which tree and reed contend in speech before a god judges.

Debate between Winter and Summer

The Debate between Winter and Summer, or Dispute between Winter and Summer, is a Sumerian poem in which the seasons Emesh and Enten contest before Enlil, who favors Winter.

Decad (Sumerian texts)

The Decad is a group of ten Sumerian literary compositions taught in a fixed order at the advanced stage of Old Babylonian scribal education, about 1900–1600 BC.

Deportation of the tribes of Naphtali and Gilead

The deportation of the tribes of Naphtali and Gilead was the removal of Israelites from Galilee and Gilead by the Assyrian king Tiglath-pileser III during his campaigns of 734–732 BC.

Deportations of Hilakku and Tabal populations by Sargon II

The deportations of Hilakku and Tabal populations were forced removals ordered by Sargon II of Assyria in southern Anatolia, including the exile of Kiakki in 718 BC.

Destruction of Kanesh level II

The destruction of Kanesh level II, also called the destruction of Level II at Kültepe, was a fire around 1835 BC that ended the Old Assyrian trade colony at Kaneš.

Dialogue between a Man and His God

The Dialogue between a Man and His God is an Old Babylonian Akkadian poem of sixty-nine lines in which a suffering man complains to his god and is healed.

Dialogue of Pessimism

The Dialogue of Pessimism is an Akkadian dialogue in which a master and his slave debate a series of actions, with the slave endorsing each and its renunciation.

Didanu

Didanu, also written Ditanu or Tidanu, was an Amorite ancestor figure claimed by Hammurabi's dynasty of Babylon and the early Assyrian King List; whether a king of this name existed is uncertain.

Drehem archive

The Drehem archive, also known as the Puzrish-Dagan archive, is a corpus of over 15,000 Ur III administrative tablets, chiefly livestock records, from a center near Nippur used from about 2056 to 2026 BC.

Dudu (king of Akkad)

Dudu of Akkad was a late Sargonic king of Akkad, listed in the Sumerian King List for 21 years and succeeded by his son Shu-turul, one of the last two kings.

Dumuzid the Fisherman

Dumuzid the Fisherman, also known as Dumuzi the Fisherman, is a legendary king of Uruk in the Sumerian King List who succeeded Lugalbanda and preceded Gilgamesh.

Dynasty E

Dynasty E, also called the Dynasty of E, is the Babylonian King List's label for the kings of Babylon from roughly the tenth to eighth centuries BC.

Dynasty of Kish

The First Dynasty of Kish is the opening postdiluvian dynasty of the Sumerian King List, a largely legendary line of kings of the city of Kish in Early Dynastic Sumer.

E-iginimpa'e

E-iginimpa'e was an Early Dynastic Sumerian ruler (ensi) of Adab, dated to around 2400 BC and known from a single votive inscription recording his building of the goddess Dingirmaḫ's Emaḫ temple.

Ea-iluta-bani family

The Ea-ilūtu-bāni were a Babylonian family of Borsippa, modern Birs Nimrud, known from an archive of about 325 cuneiform tablets spanning the eighth to fifth centuries BC.

Ea-mukin-zeri

Ea-mukin-zeri was a king of Babylon, the second ruler of the Second Dynasty of the Sealand, who reigned for five months in 1008 BC between Simbar-Šipak and Kaššu-nādin-aḫhe.

Eanna archive

The Eanna archive is a corpus of Babylonian cuneiform tablets from the Ishtar temple at Uruk, spanning the late seventh to early fifth centuries BC.

Eanna-shum-iddina

Eanna-shum-iddina, also written Eanna-šuma-iddina, was governor of the Sealand in southern Babylonia around 1100 BC, known from a British Museum boundary stone recording his grant of land to Gula-eresh.

Eannatum

Eannatum (Eanatum) was ruler of the Sumerian city-state of Lagash around 2450 BC, best known for the Stele of the Vultures, his victory monument over rival Umma.

Eannatum's campaign against Elam

Eannatum's campaign against Elam was a victory won around 2450 BC by Eannatum, ruler of the Sumerian city-state of Lagash, known almost entirely from his own royal inscriptions.

Eannatum's conquests

Eannatum's conquests were the campaigns of Eannatum, ruler of Lagash around 2450 BC, against Umma, Elam, Uruk, Ur, Kish, Mari, and other states, recorded on the Stele of the Vultures.

Early Assyrian period

The Early Assyrian period is a phase of Assyrian history covering Aššur, a city-state on the Tigris, ending around 2025 BC with the Old Assyrian period.