1,122 articles
Nippur Old Babylonian tablets
The Nippur Old Babylonian tablets are cuneiform tablets excavated at Nippur in southern Iraq, dated roughly 2000 to 1600 BC, including Sumerian literature, school exercises, and legal contracts.
Nippur tablet archive
The Nippur tablet archive is a body of Ur III administrative cuneiform tablets excavated at Nippur by the University of Pennsylvania between 1889 and 1900.
Nuabu
Nuabu is an early Assyrian king named on the Assyrian King List, twelfth of seventeen "kings who lived in tents" between Zuabu and Abazu; no contemporary records of him exist.
Nur-Adad
Nur-Adad, also written Nūr-Adad, was the eighth king of the Larsa dynasty in southern Iraq, reigning 16 years from 1865 to 1850 BC and known for temple building at Ur and Eridu.
Nur-ahum
Nur-ahum (Nūr-aḫum) was an early governor (ensi) of the Mesopotamian city-state of Eshnunna around 2000 BC, known almost entirely from seal inscriptions found at Tell Asmar.
Nur-ili
Nur-ili was a king of Assyria of the early Middle Assyrian period, recorded as entry no. 63 of the Assyrian King List, son of Enlil-nasir I, ruling 12 years.
Nûr-Mêr
Nûr-Mêr, also written Niwar-Mêr, was the fourth šakkanakku, or military governor, of Mari on the middle Euphrates in the late 3rd millennium BC, son of Išmaʿ-Dagan and brother-successor of Išdub-El.
Nur-Sin family
The Nur-Sin family was a private Babylonian commercial family of the late Neo-Babylonian period, known from 223 cuneiform contracts and letters dated 603 to 507 BC.
Old Assyrian eponymate
The Old Assyrian eponymate, also called the limmu system, named each year after a yearly official at Assur, dating the trade archives at Kültepe from Erishum I's reign onward.
Old Assyrian limmu list
The Old Assyrian limmu list, also called the Kültepe Eponym List, is a cuneiform text naming the officials who gave their names to Assyrian years, c. 2000–1800 BCE.
Old Assyrian period
The Old Assyrian period, also known as Old Assyria, was the era when Assur was an independent city-state whose merchants traded tin and textiles to Anatolia.
Old Assyrian trade archive
The Old Assyrian trade archive, also called the Cappadocian or Kültepe tablets, is a corpus of about 23,500 cuneiform tablets found at Kültepe, Turkey, the ancient city of Kanesh.
Old Assyrian trade network
The Old Assyrian trade network was a system of Assyrian merchant colonies in central Anatolia, centered at Kanesh, selling tin and textiles for silver and gold.
Old Babylonian Gilgamesh tablets
The Old Babylonian Gilgamesh tablets are the earliest substantial Akkadian versions of the Epic of Gilgamesh, written on clay around 1900–1600 BC, chiefly the Pennsylvania and Yale tablets.
Old Babylonian house archives of Ur
The Old Babylonian house archives of Ur are private family and business cuneiform tablet collections found in houses at Ur, Iraq, from the 19th and 18th centuries BC.
Old Babylonian mathematical tablets
Old Babylonian mathematical tablets are cuneiform tablets carrying mathematics in Mesopotamia from roughly 2000 to 1600 BC, mostly written in scribal schools as table texts and problem texts.
Old Babylonian royal inscriptions
Old Babylonian royal inscriptions are building, votive, and commemorative cuneiform texts carved by kings of the early second millennium BC, including Hammurabi, on bricks, tablets, prisms, and stone objects across Babylonia.
Old Babylonian school tablets
Old Babylonian school tablets, also called edubba tablets, are clay exercise tablets made by students in Babylonian scribal schools, preserving how scribes learned cuneiform, Sumerian, and arithmetic.
Old Babylonian treaty texts
Old Babylonian treaty texts are diplomatic agreements of the early second millennium BC in which rulers of Mari, Babylon, and Eshnunna bound themselves by oaths sworn before the gods.
Oracle of Nusku
The Oracle of Nusku is the modern name for an unnamed female slave who, in Esarhaddon's reign (681–669 BC), proclaimed near Harran that the god Nusku would give kingship to Sasi.
Palm and Vine
Palm and Vine is an Akkadian disputation poem in which the date palm, king of trees, and the vine debate their superiority; only 54 middle lines survive, with no verdict.
Pax Assyriaca
Pax Assyriaca is a modern term for the period of Neo-Assyrian hegemony, especially under Sennacherib, Esarhaddon, and Ashurbanipal, when the empire prospered and fought no major internal wars.
Pax Sumerica
Pax Sumerica refers to the stability and centralized order of the Third Dynasty of Ur, which ruled southern Mesopotamia from about 2112 to 2004 BC and left one of antiquity's best-documented records.
Pazarcık Stele
The Pazarcık Stele (Pazarcik Stela) is an Assyrian cuneiform boundary stone found at Kızıkapanlı near Kahramanmaraş, Turkey, marking the border between Kummuh and Gurgum.
Peruwa
Peruwa was a wealthy native Anatolian dignitary of Kanesh during the Old Assyrian colony period, known from his household archive and fourteen-roomed residence with iron ingots.
Peshgaldaramesh
Peshgaldaramesh, also written Pešgaldarameš, was a king of the First Sealand Dynasty in 16th-century BC southern Mesopotamia, son of Gulkišar, known from a 474-tablet archive.
Phoenicia under Assyrian rule
Phoenicia under Assyrian rule was the period from the 9th to the late 7th century BC when cities like Tyre and Sidon paid tribute to Assyria.
Phoenicia under Babylonian rule
Phoenicia under Babylonian rule was the period when Nebuchadnezzar II's Neo-Babylonian Empire governed the Phoenician coastal cities through vassal kings and tribute, ending with the Persian conquest of 539 BC.
Pirigme
Pirigme was a ruler of the Sumerian city-state of Lagash in the late 22nd century BC, known from a brick inscription recording a dam he built for the god Ningirsu.
Pkidha
Pkidha, also rendered Peqida, is the first Christian bishop of Adiabene, east of the Tigris, recorded only in the disputed Chronicle of Arbela, with an episcopate dated 104–114 AD.