1,122 articles
Plimpton 322
Plimpton 322 is an Old Babylonian clay tablet from around 1800 BCE whose fifteen rows of numbers form Pythagorean triples; it is held at Columbia University.
Pomegranate carved in the round
The pomegranate carved in the round is a small Neo-Assyrian ivory ornament from Nimrud, dating to the ninth or eighth century BCE and held by the Metropolitan Museum of Art.
Poor Man of Nippur
The Poor Man of Nippur is a short Akkadian comic tale of 160 lines in which Gimil-Ninurta, a poor citizen of Nippur, cunningly takes revenge on the city's mayor.
Post-imperial Assyria
Post-imperial Assyria is the Assyrian heartland of northern Mesopotamia in the roughly eight and a half centuries after the Neo-Assyrian Empire fell in 609 BC.
Prayer of Nabonidus
The Prayer of Nabonidus (4Q242) is an Aramaic Dead Sea Scroll from Qumran Cave 4 in which the Babylonian king Nabonidus is healed of a seven-year disease by a Jewish exorcist.
Prisms of Sargon II
The Prisms of Sargon II, also known as Sargon II's Prisms, are clay prisms inscribed with the annals of Sargon II, king of Assyria (721–705 BCE), found at Nimrud and Nineveh.
Proclamation of Ammi-ṣaduqa
The Proclamation of Ammi-ṣaduqa, or Edict of Ammi-ṣaduqa, is the mēšarum debt-remission edict of Babylonian king Ammi-ṣaduqa, issued in 1646 BC, canceling debts and freeing debt-servants.
Proto-cuneiform
Proto-cuneiform, also called archaic cuneiform, is the earliest attested stage of cuneiform writing, found on clay tablets from Uruk, southern Iraq, dated c. 3350–3000 BC.
Ptolemaic Canon
The Ptolemaic Canon, also called the Canon of Kings, is a list of rulers and reign lengths compiled by Ptolemy, running from 747 BC to his own time.
Puabi
Puabi, also read Shub-ad, was a queen of Early Dynastic Ur in southern Mesopotamia, buried around 2500 BCE in tomb PG 800 with lavish gold jewelry.
Puannum
Puannum (Puanum) is a legendary king of the First Dynasty of Kish in the Sumerian King List, which assigns him a reign of 840 years.
Puqudu
Puqudu (Puqūdu) was an Aramean tribe of the Babylonian borderlands, attested from the reign of Tiglath-pileser III (745–727 BC) and identified with the biblical Pekod.
Pushu-ken
Pushu-ken, also written Pušu-kēn, was an Old Assyrian merchant at Kanesh, modern Kültepe, Turkey, who headed an extensive trading firm there in the 19th century BC.
Puzer-Mama
Puzer-Mama, also written Puzur-Mama, was a ruler of the Mesopotamian city-state of Lagash around 2150 BC, known chiefly from a single royal inscription in which he claims the title king of Lagash.
Puzur-Ashur I
Puzur-Ashur I (Puzur-Aššur I) was an early independent ruler of the city-state of Assur around 2025 BC, father of Šalim-aḫum and ancestor of the native kings Ilušuma and Erišum I.
Puzur-Ashur II
Puzur-Ashur II (Puzur-Aššur II) was an early Old Assyrian king of Ashur, reigning about eight years around 1865–1857 BC, son of Sargon I and father of Naram-Sin.
Puzur-Ashur III
Puzur-Ashur III, also written Puzur-Assur III, was a king of Assyria who reigned ca. 1521-1498 BC, known from the Assyrian King List and building inscriptions at Assur.
Puzur-Ishtar
Puzur-Ishtar (Puzur-Ištar) was a shakkanakku, or military governor, of the Syrian city of Mari after the Akkadian Empire's fall, known from an inscribed statue whose head is in Berlin.
Puzur-Nirah
Puzur-Nirah of Akshak is a legendary Early Dynastic Sumerian king, the fourth ruler of Akshak in the Sumerian King List, credited with a reign of 20 years.
Puzur-Sin
Puzur-Sin was a ruler of Assur shortly after Shamshi-Adad I who deposed Asinum, ending that dynasty's control, and is known solely from a single inscribed stone tablet.
Puzur-Suen (Gutian king)
Puzur-Suen, sometimes rendered Puzur-Sin, was a Gutian king in the Sumerian King List, son of Hablum, credited with a seven-year reign after the fall of the Akkadian dynasty.
Puzur-Suen (king of Kish)
Puzur-Suen is a legendary king of the Sumerian city of Kish, named in the Sumerian King List as the son of Kug-Bau and father of Ur-Zababa.
Queen Puabi's headdress
Queen Puabi's headdress is a gold, lapis lazuli, and carnelian ornament from Early Dynastic Ur, found in her tomb and held by the Penn Museum in Philadelphia.
Rab-mag
Rab-mag is a Babylonian court title, Hebraized from Akkadian rab mugi, a high military official borne by Nergal-sharezer at the fall of Jerusalem in 586 BC.
Rabâ-ša-Marduk
Rabâ-ša-Marduk, also transcribed Rabiā-ša-Marduk, was a Babylonian physician of the Kassite period, possibly 13th century BC, known from a headache tablet and journeys to the Hittite court.
Rabsaris
Rabsaris (Hebrew רַב־סָרִיס, Rab-saris) is the Hebrew and Aramaic form of the Akkadian court title rab ša rēši, a high-ranking official of the Neo-Assyrian and Neo-Babylonian empires.
Rabshakeh of Sennacherib
The Rabshakeh of Sennacherib, or rab šaqê, was an unnamed high-ranking Assyrian court official who, per 2 Kings 18:17, addressed Jerusalem's people from its walls in Hebrew in 701 BC.
Ram in a Thicket
The Ram in a Thicket, or Ram Caught in a Thicket, is a pair of Sumerian goat statuettes found in the Royal Cemetery of Ur and excavated by Leonard Woolley in 1928–29.
Rassam Cylinder
The Rassam Cylinder, also called Prism A, is a ten-sided clay prism inscribed with the annals of the Assyrian king Ashurbanipal, found at Nineveh in 1854.
Rassam Obelisk
The Rassam Obelisk is a fragmentary basalt obelisk of the Assyrian king Ashurnasirpal II, found in many pieces at Nimrud in 1853 and reconstructed for the British Museum.