55 articles
Abdmiskar cippus
The Abdmiskar cippus is a white marble obelisk-shaped cippus with a two-line Phoenician dedication by Abdmiskar to the god Shalman, found at Sidon and now in the Louvre.
Abibaal inscription
The Abibaal inscription (KAI 5) is a Phoenician royal dedication of King Abibaal of Byblos, carved on a statue of Sheshonq I and dated to about 940–930 BC.
Abibaʻl inscription
The Abibaʻl inscription (KAI 5) is a Phoenician royal dedication carved at Byblos by King Abibaʻl on the base of a statue of Pharaoh Sheshonq.
Abishemu obelisk
The Abishemu obelisk is a limestone Egyptianizing obelisk inscribed in hieroglyphs for Abi-shemu, ruler of Byblos, found in the Temple of the Obelisks and held by the National Museum of Beirut.
Ahiram sarcophagus
The Ahiram sarcophagus, also known as the Ahirom sarcophagus, is a limestone sarcophagus of King Ahiram of Byblos, found in 1923 and now in the National Museum of Beirut.
Annals of Tyre
The Annals of Tyre, also called the Tyrian Annals, were a lost Phoenician chronicle of Tyre's kings, surviving only in Greek excerpts quoted by Josephus.
Aramaic inscription of Yanouh
The Aramaic inscription of Yanouh is a fragmentary Aramaic text on a sandstone block found in the 1960s at the Yanouh-Mghaira sanctuary in Mount Lebanon, now lost.
Arwad bilingual
The Arwad bilingual is a Greek-Phoenician dedicatory inscription found on the island of Arwad, Syria, dated to 25/4 BC, pairing Hermes with Herakles and Melqart; the stone is in the Louvre.
Avignon Punic inscription
The Avignon Punic inscription is a Punic funerary stele found at Avignon, France, in 1897, commemorating a woman named Zaybeqat and cataloged as KAI 70.
Baal Lebanon inscription
The Baal Lebanon inscription is a Phoenician dedication on fragments of bronze bowls, made about 739–730 BC by a governor of Qarthadašt, servant of Hiram king of the Sidonians, to Baal of Lebanon.
Baalshamem inscription
The Baalshamem inscription, also known as the Baalshamin inscription, is a Phoenician votive text (KAI 18) from Hammon, dated 133/2 BC, dedicating a gate to Baʿal-shamem.
Baalshillem Temple Boy
The Baalshillem Temple Boy is a marble votive statuette of a boy dedicated to the healing god Eshmun near Sidon, dated to the mid-fifth century BC.
Batnoam sarcophagus
The Batnoam sarcophagus, or Sarcophagus of Batno'am, is a white marble sarcophagus from Byblos bearing a Phoenician inscription for Batno'am, mother of King 'Ozba'al, from the early 4th century BCE.
Bodashtart inscriptions
The Bodashtart inscriptions, also known as the Bod'astart inscriptions, are about thirty Phoenician royal texts of King Bodashtart of Sidon, recording temple building and hydraulic works around 525–500 BC.
Byblian royal inscriptions
The Byblian royal inscriptions, also known as the Royal Byblian inscriptions, are five early Phoenician inscriptions from Byblos, Lebanon, naming six kings and conventionally dated to the 10th century BC.
Byblos altar inscription
The Byblos altar inscription (KAI 12) is a short Phoenician dedication on a small stone altar found at Byblos, Lebanon, in 1923 during Pierre Montet's excavations.
Byblos bronze spatulas
The Byblos bronze spatulas are triangular bronze objects from Byblos, Lebanon, one bearing KAI 3, among the earliest known Phoenician inscriptions, dated about 1000–975 BCE.
Byblos clay cone inscriptions
The Byblos clay cone inscriptions are two short Phoenician inscriptions on clay objects from ancient Byblos, labeled A and B and dated to the 11th century BCE.
Byblos figurines
The Byblos figurines are nearly 1,700 small votive figurines of sheet metal, bronze, and faience from Middle Bronze Age temple deposits at Byblos on the Lebanese coast.
Byblos Necropolis graffito
The Byblos Necropolis graffito is a short Phoenician inscription, cataloged as KAI 2, a curse against disturbing a royal tomb at Byblos, found in 1923.
Çebel Ires Dağı inscription
The Çebel Ires Dağı inscription, also spelled Cebelireis, is a Phoenician-language land-grant inscription found in 1980 on Mount Cebelireis near Alanya in southern Turkey, dated to the 7th century BCE.
Cisjordan Corpus
The Cisjordan Corpus is a group of 36 Iron Age silver hoards from 14 sites in the southern Levant, dating from about 1200 to 586 BC.
Dynasty of Eshmunazar
The Dynasty of Eshmunazar, or House of Eshmunazar, was the royal house that ruled Phoenician Sidon under Persian rule in the 6th and 5th centuries BC.
Dynasty of Hiram I
The Dynasty of Hiram I was the royal house that ruled Tyre from Hiram I's accession c. 969 BC until Ithobaal I seized the throne in the 880s BC.
Dynasty of Ithobaal
The Dynasty of Ithobaal, or House of Ethbaal, was the royal house of Tyre founded by Ithobaal I, a priest of Astarte who seized the throne c. 887 BC.
Elibaal inscription
The Elibaal inscription is a Phoenician royal inscription of King Elibaʿal of Byblos, carved on an Egyptian bust of pharaoh Osorkon I and dedicated to the Mistress of Byblos.
Eshmunazar II sarcophagus inscription
The Eshmunazar II sarcophagus inscription, also called the Inscription of Eshmunazar II, is a 22-line Phoenician royal epitaph of King Eshmunazar II of Sidon, held at the Louvre since 1855.
Ford Collection sarcophagi
The Ford Collection sarcophagi are a group of 23 Phoenician anthropoid marble sarcophagi found in 1901 in the necropolis of Ain el-Helwé near Sidon, Lebanon, and kept today in the National Museum of Beirut.
Judges of Tyre
The judges of Tyre were magistrates, probably suffetes, who headed Phoenician Tyre for about seven years after the fall of its monarchy under Babylonian overlordship.
Kellia inscription
The Kellia inscription is a Phoenician text found at Kellia on Cyprus, cataloged as KAI 36 and dated to year 11 of a Ptolemy, "lord of kings".