55 articles
Kings of Sidon
The kings of Sidon were the hereditary rulers of the Phoenician city of Sidon, attested from Zimrida to Abdalonymos, appointed by Alexander the Great in 333 BCE.
Ma'sub inscription
The Ma'sub inscription (KAI 19) is a Phoenician stone inscription dated to 222/1 BC that records the dedication of a portico in a temple to ʿAshtart; the stone is held at the Louvre.
Phoenician adoration steles
Phoenician adoration steles are votive limestone slabs carved with a raised-hand gesture, dedicated in Phoenician and Punic sanctuaries chiefly between the fourth and second centuries BC.
Phoenician and Punic literature
Phoenician and Punic literature, also called Phoenician literature, is the body of writing in the Phoenician and Punic languages, surviving mainly as more than 10,000 short inscriptions.
Phoenician History (Philo of Byblos)
The Phoenician History (Phoinikika) is a Greek work by Philo of Byblos, written around 115–125 CE and claiming translation from the older Phoenician writer Sanchuniathon.
Phoenician Sphinx inscription
The Phoenician Sphinx inscription is a Phoenician dedication carved on a sphinx statue base at Umm el-Amed, southern Lebanon, recording two talents of gold offered to the god Milk'ashtart.
Phoenician sundial
The Phoenician sundial is an inscribed Hellenistic sundial found at Oum el Amed, Lebanon, in 1861, held today by the Louvre and the National Museum of Beirut.
Rhodes Phoenician-Greek bilingual inscriptions
The Rhodes Phoenician-Greek bilingual inscriptions are three Hellenistic inscriptions from Rhodes in both Greek and Phoenician; the best-known, a marble plaque found in 1968, is in the Rhodes Museum.
Safatba'al inscription
The Safatba'al inscription (KAI 7) is a Phoenician royal inscription from Byblos, around the tenth century BCE, in which King Shipitbaal records rebuilding a wall for the Mistress of Byblos.
Sarcophagus of Baalshillem II
The Sarcophagus of Baalshillem II is a Lycian-type relief sarcophagus found at Ayaa near Sidon, attributed to the 5th- or 4th-century BC Sidonian king Baalshillem II and held in Istanbul.
Sarcophagus of the Satrap
The Sarcophagus of the Satrap is a Parian marble anthropoid sarcophagus from the royal necropolis of Ayaa near Sidon, dated to the Persian period and now in Istanbul.
Sarepta inscriptions
The Sarepta inscriptions are Phoenician texts from Sarepta, south of Sidon in Lebanon, found in University of Pennsylvania excavations of the late 1960s and early 1970s.
Sarepta Tanit inscription
The Sarepta Tanit inscription (KAI 285) is a disputed Phoenician dedication naming the goddess Tanit, excavated at Sarepta, Lebanon, and possibly the earliest evidence of her worship in the Phoenician homeland.
Shipitbaal inscription
The Shipitbaal inscription (Šipitbaal) is a Phoenician royal building inscription of Shipitbaal, king of Byblos, recording his rebuilding of a wall for the Mistress of Byblos, dated to about 900–880 BC.
Son of Safatba'al inscription
The Son of Safatba'al inscription, cataloged as KAI 9, is a lacunary royal Phoenician inscription from Byblos dated around 500 BC, whose dedicator is known only as a son of Shipitbaal.
Tabnit sarcophagus
The Tabnit sarcophagus is an Egyptian basalt anthropoid sarcophagus reused for Tabnit, priest of Astarte and king of the Sidonians, found near Sidon in 1887 and now in Istanbul.
Tamassos bilinguals
The Tamassos bilinguals are two 4th-century BC stone pedestals found at Tamassos, Cyprus, each bearing the same dedication to Resheph, equated with Apollo, in Phoenician and in Cypriot syllabic Greek.
Thrones of Astarte
The Thrones of Astarte are Phoenician votive monuments shaped as empty thrones dedicated to the goddess Astarte, concentrated near Sidon and Tyre, with a betyl flanked by sphinxes.
Treaty of Esarhaddon with Baal of Tyre
The Treaty of Esarhaddon with Baal of Tyre, also called the Esarhaddon–Baal treaty, was a vassal treaty of about 677 BC granting Tyrian merchants trading rights under Assyrian oversight.
Tyrian king list
The Tyrian king list, also called the list of kings of Tyre, records Tyre's kings from Hiram I to Hiram III, surviving only through Josephus.
Tyrian shekel
The Tyrian shekel, or Tyre shekel, is a silver coin struck by Tyre from 126 BC to AD 66, the only currency the Jerusalem Temple accepted.
Umm al-Amad votive inscriptions
The Umm al-Amad votive inscriptions are 17 dedicatory texts, 16 Phoenician and one Greek, from the third and second centuries BC at a sanctuary near Tyre, Lebanon, recording offerings to the god Milk'ashtart.
Ur Box inscription
The Ur Box inscription is a two-line Phoenician dedication on an ivory box found at Ur, in which Amat-Ba'al presents the box to the goddess Ashtart.
Yehawmilk inscription
The Yehawmilk inscription is a Phoenician royal stele of King Yehawmilk of Byblos, dedicated to the goddess Baalat Gubal around 450 BC and held in the Louvre.
Yehimilk inscription
The Yehimilk inscription is a seven-line Phoenician royal building inscription of Yehimilk, king of Byblos, recording his rebuilding of temples, dated to about 950–920 BC.