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Old Babylonian treaty texts
Old Babylonian treaty texts are diplomatic agreements of the early second millennium BC in which rulers of Mari, Babylon, and Eshnunna bound themselves by oaths sworn before the gods.
Old Kingdom of Egypt
Old Kingdom of Egypt, Dynasties 3-6 (about 2686-2181 BC), first great era of unified pharaonic rule and the Pyramid Age; saw Djoser's Step Pyramid, Giza's Great Pyramid of Khufu, Pyramid Texts, and collapse into the First Intermediate Period amid decentralization and climate change.
Old Phrygian inscriptions
The Old Phrygian inscriptions, also called Paleo-Phrygian, are 395 texts in the Phrygian language and native alphabet from central Anatolia, dated about 800 to 330 BC, mostly found at Gordion.
Omride dynasty
The Omride dynasty, also called the House of Omri (Bit-Humri in Assyrian records), was the ninth-century BC ruling dynasty of northern Israel, founded by King Omri.
Omride wars with Aram
The Omride wars with Aram were ninth-century BC conflicts between Israel under Ahab and Aram-Damascus under Ben-Hadad, ending with Hazael's victory at Ramoth-gilead around 842 BC.
Ona culture
The Ona culture, in the literature the Ancient Ona culture, was a settled agropastoral culture of the Asmara area, Eritrea, from about 800 to 400 BC.
Onias IV
Onias IV was the son of Onias III, the last Zadokite high priest of Jerusalem, who fled to Egypt and, per Josephus, founded the temple at Leontopolis.
Onomasticon of Amenemope
The Onomasticon of Amenemope is an ancient Egyptian onomasticon, a categorized list of 610 words compiled at the end of the Twentieth Dynasty, no earlier than Ramesses IX.
Onomasticon of Amenope
The Onomasticon of Amenope, also called the Onomasticon of Amenemipet, is an ancient Egyptian word-list papyrus compiled between the late 20th and 22nd Dynasties, classifying 610 entries.
Ophel inscription
The Ophel inscription, also called the Ophel pithos inscription, is a disputed seven-letter alphabetic inscription on a storage jar found in 2012 on the Ophel in Jerusalem.
Ophellas
Ophellas was a Macedonian officer from Pella who served Ptolemy I as governor of Cyrene and died in 308 BC on an expedition against Carthage.
Ophellas's expedition against Carthage
Ophellas's expedition against Carthage was a 308 BC march by Ophellas, ruler of Cyrene, to aid Agathocles of Syracuse, who killed him and took his army.
Oracle decrees of Amun
The oracle decrees of Amun, also called oracle consultations of Amun, are written records of verdicts given by the god Amun at Thebes in the Third Intermediate Period.
Oracle of Nusku
The Oracle of Nusku is the modern name for an unnamed female slave who, in Esarhaddon's reign (681–669 BC), proclaimed near Harran that the god Nusku would give kingship to Sasi.
Oracle of the Lamb
The Oracle of the Lamb, also called the Prophecy of the Lamb, is a Demotic Egyptian text in which a lamb prophesies the end of foreign rule to King Bocchoris.
Oracle of the Potter
The Oracle of the Potter, also known as the Potter's Oracle, is a Greek prophetic text of Ptolemaic Egypt predicting a native king who ends Greek rule.
Oracular Amuletic Decrees
Oracular Amuletic Decrees are written divine oracles of Egypt's Third Intermediate Period, around 1069 to 715 BCE, promising named private people, mostly children, protection against everyday misfortunes; 24 are known.
Orissus
Orissus, in Spanish Orissón and also rendered Orison, was a chieftain of the pre-Roman Oretani of southeastern Iberia, defeated at the Battle of Helicen in 228 BC.
Osiris myth
Osiris myth: ancient Egyptian story of Osiris murdered by Seth, revived by Isis, avenged by Horus. Earliest in the Pyramid Texts (24th century BCE); only connected retelling is Plutarch's De Iside et Osiride; cult center Abydos.
Osorkon Bust
The Osorkon Bust is a reddish quartzite bust of the Egyptian pharaoh Osorkon I, dedicated with a Phoenician inscription by Eliba'al, king of Byblos, and held in the Louvre.
Osorkon I
Osorkon I, also known as Sekhemkheperre Osorkon, was the second king of Egypt's Libyan Bubastite 22nd Dynasty and son of Shoshenq I, reigning around 924–889 BC.
Osorkon II
Osorkon II, also known as Usermaatre Osorkon, was a pharaoh of Egypt's Twenty-second Dynasty who reigned from about 874 to 837 BC and built the Sed-festival gateway at Bubastis.
Osorkon II's Sed festival at Bubastis
Osorkon II's Sed festival at Bubastis was the royal jubilee celebrated by pharaoh Osorkon II at the Temple of Bastet, recorded on a granite gateway built for the occasion.
Osorkon IV
Osorkon IV was the last king of Egypt's Twenty-second Dynasty, reigning about 730 to 715 BC over Bubastis and Tanis, and may be the Shilkanni of Assyrian records.
Osorkon the Elder
Osorkon the Elder, throne name Aakheperre and known as Osochor, was a pharaoh of Egypt's 21st Dynasty of Libyan origin in the early 10th century BC.
Ostracon of Prince Sethherkhepshef
The Ostracon of Prince Sethherkhepshef is a painted limestone ostracon naming a son of Ramesses III, found in the Valley of the Queens and kept in Turin.
Ostracon of Senemut
The Ostracon of Senemut is a limestone flake bearing a hieratic list of workmen conscripted for labor, dated to year 16 and found near Senenmut's tomb TT353 at Deir el-Bahri.
Ouazebas
Ouazebas, also known as Wazebas, was a king of Aksum in the late 4th century AD, known from his gilt bronze coins bearing the Greek legend "King Ouazebas".
Ousanas
Ousanas, also known as Ella Amida, was a king of Aksum in the early 4th century AD, remembered as the father or predecessor of Ezana, Aksum's first Christian king.
Ousas
Ousas (Greek ΟΥΣΑΣ) was a Christian king of Aksum in the late 5th and early 6th century, known only from his coins, which precede Kaleb's reign.