5,147 articles
Phoenician adoration steles
Phoenician adoration steles are votive limestone slabs carved with a raised-hand gesture, dedicated in Phoenician and Punic sanctuaries chiefly between the fourth and second centuries BC.
Phoenician and Punic literature
Phoenician and Punic literature, also called Phoenician literature, is the body of writing in the Phoenician and Punic languages, surviving mainly as more than 10,000 short inscriptions.
Phoenician arrowheads
Phoenician arrowheads are bronze arrowheads of the 11th and 10th centuries BC bearing short owner inscriptions in an early Phoenician alphabet, with 68 known by 2020.
Phoenician History (Philo of Byblos)
The Phoenician History (Phoinikika) is a Greek work by Philo of Byblos, written around 115–125 CE and claiming translation from the older Phoenician writer Sanchuniathon.
Phoenician papyrus letters
The Phoenician papyrus letters, also called Phoenician papyri, are the only two known Phoenician papyri, both letters from Egypt: one from Saqqara, dated to the sixth century BCE, and one kept in Cairo.
Phoenician Sphinx inscription
The Phoenician Sphinx inscription is a Phoenician dedication carved on a sphinx statue base at Umm el-Amed, southern Lebanon, recording two talents of gold offered to the god Milk'ashtart.
Phoenician sundial
The Phoenician sundial is an inscribed Hellenistic sundial found at Oum el Amed, Lebanon, in 1861, held today by the Louvre and the National Museum of Beirut.
Phonen
Phonen was a king of the Blemmyes in Lower Nubia in the 5th century AD, known from a Greek papyrus letter found at Qasr Ibrim in 1976.
Phonen letter
The Phonen letter is a fifth-century Greek papyrus letter from Phonen, King of the Blemmyes, to Aburni, King of the Nobades, found at Qasr Ibrim in 1976.
Phraortes
Phraortes (Old Iranian Fravartiš, possibly Khshathrita of Assyrian records) was the second king of the Medes per Herodotus, son of Deioces and father of Cyaxares, who subjugated the Persians and died in battle against Assyria.
Phrygia
Phrygia was an ancient Iron Age state located in western-central Anatolia. Under King Midas in the eighth century BC, its capital Gordion flourished until its eventual absorption.
Phrygian alphabet
The Phrygian alphabet is a script used to write the Phrygian language of central Anatolia from the 8th century BC, derived from the Phoenician or an early Greek alphabet.
Phrygian and Mushki migration
The Phrygian and Mushki migration is the conventional name for two movements of peoples, c. 1200–1100 BC: Phrygians from the Balkans into Anatolia, and the Muški into the Upper Euphrates region.
Phrygian kingdom's incorporation into Lydia
The Phrygian kingdom's incorporation into Lydia was the stepwise absorption of Phrygia by Lydian kings after the Cimmerian sack of Gordium, complete under Croesus and ended by Persia's conquest of 547 BC.
Phrygian language
The Phrygian language is an extinct Indo-European language of central and western Anatolia, closely related to Greek and attested in about 500 inscriptions from the 8th century BC to the Roman period.
Phrygians (Φρύγες)
Phrygians (Φρύγες), also called Mushki by Assyrians, were an Indo-European people of Iron Age central Anatolia, capital Gordion, famous king Midas, language closest to Greek.
Phylakitai
The phylakitai (Greek φυλακῖται, singular phylakites) were the police and guard force of Ptolemaic Egypt, attested by documentary papyri and ostraca from the 3rd to the 1st century BC.
Pi'tati
Pi'tati (Pítati), from Egyptian pḏtyw meaning archer troops, were Nubian archer contingents in Egyptian service, requested by Canaanite vassal kings in the Amarna letters of the mid-14th century BC.
Piankh
Piankh, also rendered Payankh, was a High Priest of Amun and commander of the army at Thebes in the final years of the Twentieth Dynasty, attested in Years 7 and 10 of the Whm Mswt era.
Piankh's Nubian campaign
Piankh's Nubian campaign was a military expedition led into Nubia around 1070 BCE by Piankh, High Priest of Amun and Viceroy of Kush, against the former viceroy Pinehesy.
Piha-walwi
Piha-walwi was a Hittite scribe on wood of the 13th century BC, attested at the capital Hattuša and known for seals combining the title SCRIBA with number signs.
Pihhuniya
Pihhuniya (Piḫḫuniya) was a Kaska chieftain of Tipiya in northern Anatolia who attacked the Hittite Upper Land and was captured by Mursili II, who said he ruled "in the manner of a king".
Pilliya
Pilliya was a king of Kizzuwatna in south-eastern Anatolia in the mid-15th century BC, known from treaties with Idrimi of Alalakh and the Hittite Zidanza.
Pim weight
The pim (Hebrew פים) was a Judahite weight equal to two-thirds of a shekel, about 7.8 grams, known from inscribed stone weights and 1 Samuel 13:21.
Pimay
Pimay, now read Pami or Pamu, was a Libyan Chief of the Ma in Egypt's Third Intermediate Period, a son of a pharaoh Shoshenq Meryamun.
Pinedjem I
Pinedjem I, also written Pinudjem I, was High Priest of Amun at Thebes and later king of Upper Egypt, ruling from about 1070 to 1032 BC.
Pinedjem II
Pinedjem II, also written Pinudjem II, was High Priest of Amun at Thebes and effective ruler of Upper Egypt from about 990 to 969 BC, in the 21st Dynasty.
Pirigme
Pirigme was a ruler of the Sumerian city-state of Lagash in the late 22nd century BC, known from a brick inscription recording a dam he built for the god Ningirsu.
Pirissi and Tulubri
Pirissi and Tulubri were two messengers of King Tushratta of Mitanni, named in the Amarna letters as carriers of his correspondence to Amenhotep III and Akhenaten.
Pisidians
The Pisidians were the divided mountain communities of Pisidia, a highland region of southern Anatolia, known in classical sources for their fierce resistance to conquerors.