3,576 articles
Crime in Toronto
Crime in Toronto is tracked by Toronto Police Service and Statistics Canada data: 2025 CSI of 55.0 (down 7%), neighbourhood rates spanning 453 to 4,674 per 100,000, and a 2024 firearm-violent-crime rate of 44.8 per 100,000, Toronto's highest since 2009, against a declining national rate.
Crime in Venezuela
Crime in Venezuela: lethal violence rose from among Latin America's lowest in the 1980s to a peak around 2016 (81.4 per 100,000 in 2018), then fell to 26.2 by 2024 per the OVV; government claims 4.1; no official data.
Crime of passion
A crime of passion, also called crime passionel, is a killing committed in the heat of passion or in response to provocation; it downgrades murder to voluntary manslaughter.
Crime pattern theory
Crime pattern theory, developed by Paul and Patricia Brantingham in 1984, is a spatial criminology theory explaining that crime occurs where offenders' awareness spaces from daily routines intersect with suitable targets, via nodes, paths, edges, crime generators, and crime attractors.
Crime prevention
Crime prevention: strategies to stop crime before it occurs, spanning social development, situational/environmental design (CPTED), hot spots and focused deterrence policing, and reintegration, with evidence that displacement is uncommon and diffusion of benefits typical.
Crime prevention through environmental design
Crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) is a multidisciplinary approach using urban and architectural design to reduce crime and the fear of crime, coined by C. Ray Jeffery in 1971.
Crime Scene (크라임 씬) (South Korean TV series)
Crime Scene (크라임씬) is Korea's first RPG murder-mystery variety show, aired on JTBC in three seasons 2014–2017, revived as Crime Scene Returns on TVING in 2024 and Crime Scene Zero on Netflix in 2025.
Crime statistics
Crime statistics quantify criminal offenses through police-recorded systems such as the FBI's UCR/NIBRS and through victimization surveys like the NCVS; coverage, recording rules, and voluntary reporting shape the trends they show.
Crime Survey for England and Wales
Crime Survey for England and Wales (CSEW), formerly the British Crime Survey, is the ONS face-to-face victimisation survey of about 31,000 adults 16+ in households, first run in 1982, measuring crime including unreported offences, with quarterly Crime in England and Wales statistics.
Crimes against humanity
Crimes against humanity: acts like murder, extermination, enslavement, torture, persecution, and apartheid committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack on civilians with knowledge; defined at Nuremberg 1945 and in Rome Statute Article 7; no dedicated global convention exists yet.
Criminal code
A criminal code is a statute restating a jurisdiction's criminal law systematically. Covers Canada's 1892 Criminal Code, the contested reach of the Napoleonic Code pénal, US Title 18, the Model Penal Code, and colonial spread.
Criminal Code (Canada)
Criminal Code (Canada), Code criminel, An Act respecting the Criminal Law: the 1892 federal statute, now R.S.C. 1985, c. C-46, defining most Canadian criminal offences, defences, punishments, and procedures, enacted under the Constitution Act, 1867, section 91(27).
Criminal codes of Africa
The criminal codes of Africa are the consolidated statutes defining offenses and penalties in African states, many inherited from colonial French, English, and Belgian codes and revised after independence.
Criminal codes of Latin America
The criminal codes of Latin America are the penal and procedure codes of the region's states, which share a civil-law tradition of general and special parts.
Criminal investigation
Criminal investigation: the process of collecting and examining evidence to establish what happened in a suspected crime and who was responsible. Covers investigative process, crime scene work, forensic science history, eyewitness error, and adversarial versus inquisitorial systems.
Criminal justice
Criminal justice: the system of laws, procedures, institutions, and policies governing police, courts, and corrections before, during, and after a crime, including prosecution, sentencing, incarceration, and recidivism after prison release.
Criminal justice system of Japan
The criminal justice system of Japan (刑事司法制度): courts, prosecutors, police, corrections under the Penal Code and Code of Criminal Procedure; three-tier courts, Saiban-in lay judges since 2009, over 99% conviction rate, 23-day custody, 2017 and 2023 sex crime reforms.
Criminal law
Criminal law is the body of law defining crimes and punishing offenders, distinct from civil law. Covers actus reus, mens rea, burden of proof beyond reasonable doubt, crime categories, comparative systems, and 2026 reforms in Canada and the UK.
Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 2013
Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 2013, also called the Nirbhaya Act: Indian law No. 13 of 2013 redefining rape under IPC s.375, creating acid attack, stalking, voyeurism and trafficking offences, adding s.376A/376E death penalty, and amending CrPC and Evidence Act.
Criminal negligence
Criminal negligence, also called gross negligence in some contexts, is the lowest mens rea level in criminal law: failing to perceive a substantial, unjustifiable risk a reasonable person would notice, a gross deviation from reasonable care, distinct from recklessness by lack of awareness.
Criminal procedure in South Africa
Criminal procedure in South Africa, governed by the Criminal Procedure Act 51 of 1977, covering arrest, bail, trial, appeal, and the ongoing SALRC Project 151 constitutional review.
Criminal sentencing in the United States
Criminal sentencing in the United States sets punishment after conviction, historically indeterminate with parole boards, reshaped by the 1984 Sentencing Reform Act and federal guidelines made advisory by the 2005 Booker decision.
Criminal stereotype of African Americans
Criminal stereotype of African Americans: the long-standing association of Black people, especially Black men, with criminality, rooted in slave patrols and convict leasing, sustained by Jim Crow discourse, punitive crime policy, media portrayals, and perceptual bias.
Criminal tattoo
Criminal tattoo: tattoos marking gang or prison subculture affiliation, rank, and criminal history, from Soviet prison ink documented by Baldaev to contested gang-identification uses today.
Criminal trial of Donald Trump in New York
The People of the State of New York v. Donald J. Trump, the Manhattan hush money criminal trial: 34 felony counts of falsifying business records, guilty verdict May 30, 2024, unconditional discharge January 10, 2025, first criminal conviction of a former US president.
Criminology
Criminology, also called the sociology of crime, is the interdisciplinary scientific study of crime, criminal behavior, and society's reaction to them, asking why crime happens rather than how the justice system operates.
Crips
The Crips are a loose association of mostly African American street gangs founded in Los Angeles in the late 1960s, best known for their rivalry with the Bloods.
Crucifixion
Crucifixion: ancient execution by nailing or binding a victim to a stake or cross, used by Persians, Carthaginians, and Romans; death by asphyxia and shock over hours to days; abolished by Constantine after CE 314.
Cruel and unusual punishment
Cruel and unusual punishment, banned by the Eighth Amendment and English Bill of Rights of 1689, covers torture, disproportionality, and status crimes; shaped by the Titus Oates case and evolving standards of decency.
Cruelty to animals
Cruelty to animals, also called animal abuse, is the infliction of unnecessary suffering on animals through abuse or neglect. Distinguished by its property-based legal origins, the 1866 ASPCA founding, the US Animal Welfare Act, and modern veterinary forensics.