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Criminal law and penal justice

3,576 articles

Email spam

Email spam, also known as unsolicited bulk email or junk email, is unsolicited commercial email sent indiscriminately; the first such message went over ARPANET in 1978.

Embezzlement

Embezzlement, also called theft by conversion or abus de confiance, is the fraudulent appropriation of entrusted property, distinct from larceny because the original taking was lawful; a specific-intent statutory crime under 18 U.S.C. § 666 and § 641.

Emilio Barzini

Emilio Barzini, Don of the Barzini family in Mario Puzo's The Godfather and its 1972 film (played by Richard Conte), is the hidden main antagonist behind the plot against the Corleones, killed by Al Neri during the baptism purge.

Emma Coronel Aispuro

Emma Coronel Aispuro, born 1989, is a former beauty queen who married El Chapo Guzmán in 2007, pleaded guilty in 2021 to drug trafficking, money laundering, and Kingpin Act charges, served three years, and was released in September 2023.

Emma Elizabeth Smith

Emma Elizabeth Smith (c. 1843–1888), first victim in the Whitechapel Murders file: a 45-year-old widow fatally assaulted by a gang near Whitechapel Church on 3 April 1888; died of peritonitis; not a canonical Jack the Ripper victim.

Emmanuel Nwude

Emmanuel Nwude, Nigerian businessman and former Union Bank director, defrauded Brazil's Banco Noroeste of $242 million (1995–1998) by impersonating CBN Governor Paul Ogwuma and selling a fictitious Abuja airport; convicted 2005 and again in 2026.

Emmett Till

Emmett Till (1941–1955), a Chicago teenager lynched near Money, Mississippi, in August 1955 after an encounter with Carolyn Bryant; his killers' acquittal and Look magazine confession galvanized the Civil Rights Movement.

Enedina Arellano Félix

Enedina Arellano Félix, also known as Enedina Arellano Félix de Toledo or La Jefa, born 1961 in Sinaloa, is the sister of the Tijuana Cartel founders, reportedly its financial operator from 2006 and leader from 2008, and an OFAC-sanctioned individual.

Enforced disappearance

Enforced disappearance, also known as involuntary disappearance, occurs when state agents deprive someone of liberty and then deny it or conceal their fate, leaving them outside the law's protection.

Enforcement Directorate

Directorate of Enforcement (ED), India's financial investigation agency under the Department of Revenue, Ministry of Finance. Enforces PMLA, FEMA, and FEOA; established 1956; headquartered in New Delhi; investigates money laundering, attaches assets, and prosecutes economic offenders.

Enoch L. Johnson

Enoch Lewis "Nucky" Johnson (1883-1968), Atlantic City political boss and racketeer, ran the Republican machine from 1911 to 1941, profited from Prohibition-era bootlegging, gambling, and prostitution, hosted the 1929 mob conference, and inspired HBO's Nucky Thompson.

Entrapment

Entrapment, also known as legal entrapment, is an affirmative defense in criminal law in which the defendant claims government agents induced them to commit a crime.

Enumclaw horse sex case

Enumclaw horse sex case, also called the Mr. Hands incident: July 2, 2005 death of Kenneth Pinyan from sex with a stallion near Enumclaw, Washington; led to Washington's 2006 bestiality law, a Class C felony.

Eperjes blood tribunal

The Eperjes blood tribunal (eperjesi vértörvényszék) was a Habsburg court convened at Eperjes, today Prešov in Slovakia, in 1687, executing 24 Protestants for alleged support of Thököly's uprising.

Epstein didn't kill himself

Epstein didn't kill himself: bait-and-switch meme and catchphrase from October 2019 claiming Jeffrey Epstein's August 2019 jail death was murder, not the officially ruled suicide; spread via Fox News, Gosar tweets, and 2025 DOJ-file controversy.

Epstein files

The Epstein files, also called the Jeffrey Epstein files, are Justice Department and court records about Jeffrey Epstein, released publicly from 2025 under the Epstein Files Transparency Act.

Epstein Files Transparency Act

Epstein Files Transparency Act (EFTA), Public Law 119-38, H.R. 4405: 2025 US law requiring DOJ to release all unclassified Epstein and Maxwell records within 30 days; House passed 427-1; DOJ released about 3.5 million of over 6 million pages, missing the deadline, prompting litigation and an OIG audit.

EpsteinExposed

EpsteinExposed is a public interest database that catalogs millions of documents, including court filings, flight logs, and financial records, sourced from government releases and public court records.

Eric Darnell Holmes

Eric Darnell Holmes (born 1968), later Koor An Nur of Mary Katie Brown, Indiana death row prisoner sentenced in 1993 for the 1989 Shoney's murders of Charles Ervin and Theresa Blosl despite a hung jury on the death sentence.

Eric Edgar Cooke

Eric Edgar Cooke (1931–1964), the 'Night Caller', was an Australian serial killer who murdered eight people in Perth from 1959 to 1963, was the last person hanged in Western Australia, and whose confessions later exonerated John Button and Darryl Beamish.

Eric Smith (murderer)

Eric M. Smith is the American who murdered 4-year-old Derrick Robie in Savona, New York, in 1993 at age 13, was tried as an adult, received nine years to life, and was paroled in February 2022 after 28 years. Not the Crips member Eric Smith of EDNY.

Erica Sheppard

Erica Yvonne Sheppard, Texas death row inmate sentenced in 1995 for the 1993 robbery-murder of Marilyn Sage Meagher in Harris County; case centers on unpresented abuse and cognitive mitigation evidence.

Erika and Benjamin Sifrit

Erika and Benjamin Sifrit were a married couple from Pennsylvania convicted of the 2002 murders of two Virginia tourists. They were sentenced to prison terms of 35 years and life plus 20 years.

Ernest Burkhart

Ernest Burkhart, also known as Ernest George Burkhart, was a Texas man who conspired with his uncle William K. Hale to murder the Osage Kyle family in 1920s Oklahoma.

Ernest Dobbert

Ernest John Dobbert Jr., Florida child murderer executed in 1984; his jury-override death sentence produced the Supreme Court ex post facto precedent Dobbert v. Florida, 432 U.S. 282 (1977).

Ernesto Fonseca Carrillo

Ernesto Fonseca Carrillo, alias Don Neto, Mexican drug lord and co-founder of the Guadalajara Cartel; convicted for the 1985 murder of DEA agent Kiki Camarena, sentenced to 40 years, released April 2025.

Espionage Act of 1917

Espionage Act of 1917: US federal law enacted June 15, 1917, criminalizing espionage, obstruction of the draft, and disclosure of national defense information; codified as 18 U.S.C. §§ 793–794; basis of Schenck and modern leak prosecutions.

Ethnic cleansing

Ethnic cleansing is the forced removal of a population from a territory on ethnic, religious, or group grounds. Not an independent crime under international law; prosecuted as deportation, forcible transfer, or persecution, and distinct from genocide absent intent to destroy.

Etta Place

Etta Place (fl. 1896–1905) was the lover, possibly wife, of outlaw Harry Longabaugh, the Sundance Kid, and an associate of Butch Cassidy's Wild Bunch; her real name and fate remain unknown, with contested identifications including Ann Bassett.

Eugen Weidmann

Eugen Weidmann (1908–1939), German-born criminal who killed six people near Paris in 1937 with accomplices including Roger Million; guillotined at Versailles 17 June 1939, the last public execution in France.