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Criminal law and penal justice

3,576 articles

False accusation of rape

False accusation of rape: a rape claim determined false. Shaped by Hale's 17th-century warning, colonial forensic suspicion, and rape-myth research; rigorous studies place confirmed false reports near 2–10%.

Familicide

Familicide, or family annihilation, is the killing of multiple family members, typically an intimate partner and one or more children, by a perpetrator who is overwhelmingly male and dies by suicide in about half of cases; roughly 23 US incidents occur yearly.

Fancy Bear

Fancy Bear, also known as APT28 or Sofacy, is a Russian state-sponsored cyber-espionage group assessed as GRU Unit 26165, active since 2004 and behind the 2016 DNC hack.

Farmville murders

The Farmville murders were the September 2009 bludgeoning deaths of four people, including Longwood professor Debra Kelley, at 505 First Avenue in Farmville, Virginia; horrorcore rapper Richard "Syko Sam" McCroskey pleaded guilty in 2010 and received life sentences.

Fat Leonard scandal

Fat Leonard scandal: Leonard Glenn Francis, Malaysian owner of Singapore's Glenn Defense Marine Asia, bribed US Navy officers and overbilled port services, defrauding about $34-35 million; 35 charged, 15-year sentence in 2024.

FBI hate crime statistics

The FBI hate crime statistics are annual, voluntary counts of offenses police judged bias-motivated, collected through the Uniform Crime Reporting Program; in 2024 they documented 11,679 hate crimes.

Fear of crime

Fear of crime is the emotional dread or anxiety about crime and crime-related symbols, studied since 1967. Distinct from perceived risk, it correlates only weakly with actual crime rates, is measured mainly by contested survey indicators, and is reduced by urban design interventions with gender-specific effects.

Fearmongering

Fearmongering is deliberately making people fearful or anxious to manipulate them; near-synonyms are scaremongering and alarmism. Its studied scientific form is the fear appeal, effective mainly when paired with high efficacy, and its documented costs include defensive reactions and distorted risk perception.

Federal Assault Weapons Ban

Federal Assault Weapons Ban (Public Safety and Recreational Firearms Use Protection Act), part of the 1994 Violent Crime Control Act, banned named semiautomatic assault weapons, two-feature firearms, and magazines over 10 rounds from September 13, 1994 until its sunset on September 13, 2004.

Federal Bureau of Prisons

The Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP) is the Department of Justice agency that confines people convicted of federal crimes in 122 facilities of five security levels.

Federal Correctional Complex, Butner

FCC Butner is a four-institution Federal Bureau of Prisons complex in Butner, North Carolina, with FCI Butner Low, Medium I, Medium II, and the FMC Butner medical center, holding about 3,878 men.

Federal Correctional Institution, Danbury

Federal Correctional Institution, Danbury: low-security federal prison complex in Danbury, Connecticut, the state's only federal prison; three facilities (men's FCI, women's Federal Satellite Low, women's camp); opened 1940, women's prison 1994, men's again 2014; 2020 COVID-19 hotspot and Martinez-Brooks v. Easter litigation.

Federal Correctional Institution, Dublin

FCI Dublin was a low-security federal women's prison in Dublin, California, opened 1974, converted 2012, closed 2024 after a staff sexual-abuse scandal, prosecutions, a $116 million settlement, and court-ordered monitoring.

Federal Correctional Institution, Edgefield

FCI Edgefield, a medium security Federal Bureau of Prisons prison for male inmates in Edgefield, South Carolina, opened 1998, with a minimum security satellite camp, capacity 1,472, ACA accreditation, and a CDL apprenticeship program.

Federal Correctional Institution, Englewood

FCI Englewood (Federal Correctional Institution, Englewood) is a low-security federal prison for men in Littleton, Colorado, built in 1938, with a detention center and a camp suspended in 2024; it is a Sex Offender Management Program institution.

Federal Correctional Institution, Otisville

The Federal Correctional Institution, Otisville is a medium-security federal prison for men run by the Federal Bureau of Prisons, near Otisville in Orange County, New York.

Federal crime in the United States

Federal crime in the United States: conduct punishable under acts of Congress rather than state law, requiring an enumerated constitutional basis such as the Commerce Clause, with roughly 3,000 to over 5,000 distinct federal offenses.

Federal Medical Center, Carswell

Federal Medical Center, Carswell (FMC Carswell) is the Federal Bureau of Prisons' only medical center for female offenders, opened 1994 in Fort Worth, Texas, on the former Carswell Air Force Base, with in-patient dialysis and Care Level 3-4 care.

Federal Social Readaptation Center No. 1

Federal Social Readaptation Center No. 1 (Altiplano, formerly La Palma) is Mexico's flagship maximum-security federal prison in Almoloya de Juárez, State of Mexico, opened 1991, capacity 836, holding cartel leaders; site of El Chapo's 2015 tunnel escape.

Feeding Our Future

Feeding Our Future was a Minnesota nonprofit and child nutrition program sponsor at the center of the largest COVID-19 relief fraud case in the United States, a $250 million scheme; founder Aimee Bock was sentenced to 500 months.

Felony

Felony: the category of serious criminal offense in U.S. law, defined as a crime punishable by more than one year imprisonment (28 CFR § 105.22). Distinguished from misdemeanors and infractions; carries grand jury indictment in federal cases and collateral consequences such as disenfranchisement, firearms bans, and deportation.

Felony murder rule

Felony murder rule: American criminal law doctrine letting participants in a felony be charged with murder for deaths during the crime, without intent to kill; limited by merger, inherent dangerousness, and Enmund and Tison death penalty rulings.

Femicides in Ciudad Juárez

Femicides in Ciudad Juárez (feminicidios): killings of women in the Mexican border city documented since 1993, marked by sexual violence, impunity, and the landmark 2009 Inter-American Court Cotton Field judgment against Mexico.

Fence (criminal)

Fence (criminal): a person who knowingly buys, receives, or resells stolen property as intermediary between thieves and buyers; also called a receiver. Covers etymology from "defense," Jonathan Wild, receiver typologies, and receiving-stolen-property law in the US, England, and the Philippines.

Ferdinand Waldo Demara

Ferdinand Waldo Demara (1921–1982), "The Great Impostor," was an American serial impostor who posed as a Trappist monk, dean, cancer researcher, Texas prison official, and Royal Canadian Navy surgeon Joseph Cyr aboard HMCS Cayuga in the Korean War.

Fidel Castaño

Fidel Castaño, or Fidel Antonio Castaño Gil, was a Colombian cattle rancher, drug trafficker, and paramilitary leader whose army grew into the ACCU and later the AUC.

Filicide

Filicide is the killing of a child by a parent, sometimes extended to killings by stepparents and parent equivalents; distinct terms cover neonaticide and infanticide.

Fine (penalty)

Fine (penalty): a monetary payment imposed as a criminal or administrative sanction, also called a monetary fine or penal fine. One of the oldest punishments, ranging from fixed and day-fine systems to federal caps of $250,000 per felony count.

Firearms regulation in Canada

Firearms regulation in Canada, governed by the Firearms Act (1995) and the Criminal Code, requires licensing and restricts storage, transport, and transfer of firearms. Recent changes include the 2020 assault-style firearms ban, the 2022 handgun freeze, and Bill C-21's red-flag orders.

Firearms regulation in the United Kingdom

UK firearms regulation: police-licensed possession under the Firearms Act 1968, with shotgun and firearm certificates, section 5 prohibited weapons, the 1997 handgun ban after Dunblane, and 2025 to 2026 safeguards on medical checks, referees, and fees.