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Criminal law and penal justice

3,576 articles

Grenfell Tower fire

Grenfell Tower fire: fatal 14 June 2017 blaze in a west London high-rise, 72 dead, spread via combustible ACM polyethylene-cored cladding; inquiry found all deaths avoidable.

Grey hat

Grey hat: a hacker who breaks into systems without permission but without malicious intent, often disclosing flaws. Between white hat (authorized) and black hat (criminal); still illegal, folk term from Western films.

Grievous bodily harm

Grievous bodily harm (GBH) is really serious injury under sections 18 and 20 of the Offences against the Person Act 1861 in England and Wales, with maximum penalties of life and five years respectively.

Grim Sleeper

The Grim Sleeper, serial killer Lonnie David Franklin Jr., murdered 10 women in South Los Angeles 1985-2007; identified 2010 via familial DNA and a discarded pizza crust, convicted 2016, sentenced to death.

Griselda Blanco

Griselda Blanco Restrepo (1943–2012), the "Godmother of Cocaine" and "Black Widow" (La Madrina), was a Colombian drug trafficker who pioneered cocaine pipelines to New York and Miami in the 1970s–80s, was indicted in Operation Banshee in 1975, imprisoned in 1985, deported in 2004, and shot dead in Medellín in 2012.

Grod court

The grod court (Polish sąd grodzki, also starosta court) was an estate criminal court in Poland and Lithuania presided over by the king's deputy, the starosta.

Grok sexual deepfake scandal

Grok sexual deepfake scandal: late December 2025 outbreak of nonconsensual sexualized AI images, including of minors, made with Elon Musk's xAI Grok on X; over 6,000 per hour at peak, followed by bans, investigations, and a Canadian PIPEDA violation finding.

Grooming gangs scandal

The UK grooming gangs scandal: group-based child sexual exploitation in towns such as Rotherham, Rochdale and Oldham, the 2014 Jay report, the 2025 Casey audit, and the national inquiry chaired by Baroness Anne Longfield from 2026.

Groping

Groping is non-consensual sexual touching of intimate body areas. Not a formal legal term; charged as sexual battery, forcible touching, indecent assault, or abusive sexual contact (18 USC 2244), usually a misdemeanor in the US.

Guadalajara Cartel

Guadalajara Cartel (Cártel de Guadalajara), a Mexican drug trafficking organization of the early 1980s founded by Félix Gallardo, Caro Quintero, and Fonseca Carrillo; precursor of the Sinaloa, Tijuana, and Juárez cartels; linked to DEA agent Camarena's 1985 murder.

Guantanamo Bay detention camp

Guantanamo Bay detention camp: U.S. military prison at Naval Station Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, opened January 2002 for war-on-terror detainees; about 780 held total, 36 remained in 2022; site of Boumediene habeas ruling and, since 2025, migrant detention.

Guantanamo Bay migrant camps

The Guantanamo Bay migrant camps are detention facilities for Haitian and Cuban migrants at the US naval base at Guantánamo Bay, Cuba, used mainly from 1991 to 1996.

Guardia Urbana crime

Guardia Urbana crime (el crimen de la Guardia Urbana): 2017 murder of Barcelona municipal officer Pedro Rodríguez by fellow officers Rosa María Peral and Albert López, his partner and her ex-lover; body burned in a car near the Foix reservoir; 25- and 20-year sentences confirmed in 2021; basis of Netflix's El cuerpo en llamas.

Guðmundur and Geirfinnur case

Guðmundar- og Geirfinnsmálið, the Reykjavík confessions: two Icelandic men vanished in 1974, six people were convicted on coerced confessions in 1980, and five were acquitted by the Supreme Court in 2018.

Guildford Four and Maguire Seven

Guildford Four and Maguire Seven: eleven people wrongly convicted in 1975 and 1976 for the 1974 IRA Guildford and Woolwich bombings; convictions quashed in 1989 and 1991 after flawed confessions and unreliable nitroglycerine forensic tests.

Guillotine

Guillotine: beheading machine adopted by France in 1792 on Joseph-Ignace Guillotin's proposal, designed by Antoine Louis; France's sole execution method until abolition by the 1981 loi Badinter.

Gulf Cartel

Gulf Cartel (Cártel del Golfo, CDG), a Tamaulipas-based Mexican drug trafficking organization dating to 1930s alcohol smuggler Juan Nepomuceno Guerra; once dominant nationally, it spawned Los Zetas and has since fractured into warring factions and was designated a foreign terrorist organization in 2025.

Gun buyback program

Gun buyback programs purchase voluntarily surrendered firearms with public funds to reduce gun violence. US city buybacks show little measurable crime effect, while Australia's compulsory 1996 national buyback is linked to large falls in firearm deaths.

Gun Control Act of 1968

Gun Control Act of 1968 (Public Law 90-618, 18 U.S.C. ch. 44), the primary U.S. federal firearms statute: licensing of dealers, prohibited persons, age limits, interstate sale rules, sporting-purposes import test; amended by FOPA, Brady Act, and BSCA.

Gun laws in Oregon

Gun laws in Oregon: universal background checks via OSP FICS, shall-issue concealed carry, secure storage, plus Ballot Measure 114 (2022, ~50.7%) permit-to-purchase and 10-round magazine limit, blocked in court and delayed to January 1, 2028 by HB 4145.

Gun laws in Tennessee

Gun laws in Tennessee cover Highway Patrol-issued handgun carry permits, permitless carry effective July 1, 2021, school and park restrictions, state preemption of local rules, and the 2025 ruling striking down the parks and 'intent to go armed' laws.

Gun laws in Wisconsin

Gun laws in Wisconsin cover background checks for handgun and long gun purchases, the 2011 Act 35 concealed carry law effective November 1, 2011, vehicle transportation rules, hunting restrictions, and the state's mid-range Giffords scorecard grade of C.

Gun moll

Gun moll, also called gangster's moll, is American slang dating to about 1908 for a gangster's girlfriend or mistress, and by extension a female criminal.

Guy Turcotte killings

Guy Turcotte killings: 2009 stabbing deaths of Anne-Sophie and Olivier Turcotte in Piedmont, Quebec, by their father, ex-cardiologist Guy Turcotte; NCR verdict in 2011, overturned, second-degree murder conviction in 2015, life sentence.

Gwendolyn Graham and Cathy Wood

Gwendolyn Graham and Cathy Wood, the "Lethal Lovers," killed five elderly patients at Alpine Manor Nursing Home, Walker, Michigan, in 1987; Graham is serving life without parole, Wood was paroled in 2020.

Gyp Rosetti

Gyp Rosetti (Giuseppe Colombano Rosetti) is the fictional main antagonist of Boardwalk Empire season 3, a Sicilian Masseria underboss based in Tabor Heights played by Bobby Cannavale, who won a 2013 Emmy for the role.

Gypsy-Rose Blanchard

Gypsy-Rose Blanchard, American woman convicted of second-degree murder in the 2015 killing of her mother Dee Dee after Munchausen syndrome by proxy abuse; paroled December 28, 2023, later author, docuseries subject, and mother.

H. H. Holmes

H. H. Holmes, born Herman Webster Mudgett (1861–1896), was an American con artist and murderer convicted of killing Benjamin Pitezel; his Chicago "Murder Castle" legend vastly exceeds the roughly nine substantiated victims.

Habeas corpus in the United States

Habeas corpus in the United States, the great writ, lets detainees challenge detention legality; protected by the Suspension Clause, expanded by the 1867 Act, limited by AEDPA 1996, and central to post-2025 immigration detention litigation.

Hadden Clark

Hadden Irving Clark, American murderer and confessed serial killer with paranoid schizophrenia, convicted of killing Laura Houghteling (1992) and six-year-old Michelle Dorr (1986) in Montgomery County, Maryland; confessed to dozens of murders, only two confirmed.