1,303 articles
African Journal of International and Comparative Law
The African Journal of International and Comparative Law (AJICL, AfrJICL; ISSN 0954-8890) is a peer-reviewed, bilingual English-French law journal founded in 1989 and published since 2005 by Edinburgh University Press, covering public and private international law from a pan-African viewpoint, indexed in Scopus (Q3) and WoS ESCI.
African Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone Treaty
The African Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone Treaty, known as the Treaty of Pelindaba, prohibits nuclear explosive devices across Africa and entered into force on July 15, 2009.
African Union Mission to Somalia
African Union Mission to Somalia (AMISOM): AU peace support operation authorized by UNSC resolution 1744 (2007), deployed 2007-2022 against Al-Shabaab, succeeded by ATMIS (2022) and AUSSOM (2025).
African Union Transition Mission in Somalia
African Union Transition Mission in Somalia (ATMIS): AU peace support operation replacing AMISOM on 1 April 2022 under Resolution 2628, up to 19,626 personnel fighting Al-Shabaab, drawdown phased through 2024, replaced by AUSSOM from 1 January 2025.
Agreed Measures for the Conservation of Antarctic Fauna and Flora
The Agreed Measures for the Conservation of Antarctic Fauna and Flora are Antarctic Treaty conservation rules adopted in 1964, creating a permit system and protecting species and areas.
Ahmad al-Faqi al-Mahdi
Ahmad al-Faqi al-Mahdi (Abon Tourab), Malian head of Ansar Dine's morality police, directed the 2012 destruction of Timbuktu mausoleums; first ICC defendant charged solely with cultural heritage destruction and first to plead guilty, sentenced to nine years.
Air transport agreement
Air transport agreement: the 1944 International Air Transport Agreement (Five Freedoms Agreement) signed at Chicago, and bilateral air services agreements exchanging freedoms of the air traffic rights.
Alabama Claims
The Alabama claims were U.S. demands against Britain for damages by British-built Confederate raiders such as the Alabama, Florida, and Shenandoah, settled by the 1872 Geneva Tribunal under the 1871 Treaty of Washington with a $15.5 million award.
Alaska boundary dispute
Alaska boundary dispute: US–Canada disagreement over the Alaska Panhandle border set by the 1825 Anglo-Russian treaty and inherited with the 1867 Alaska purchase; settled October 20, 1903 by the six-member Alaska Boundary Tribunal in London, which upheld the American interpretation.
Alaska Purchase (Продажа Аляски)
Alaska Purchase (Продажа Аляски): the 1867 Treaty of Cession, also called Seward's Folly, by which Russia sold Russian America to the United States for $7.2 million in gold, about two cents an acre, signed March 30, 1867.
Alejandro Álvarez
Alejandro Álvarez (1868–1960) was a Chilean jurist who argued for a distinct American international law and sat on the International Court of Justice from 1946 to 1955.
Alexandre Giraud Jacques Antoine Mérignhac
Alexandre Giraud Jacques Antoine Mérignhac (1857–1927) was a French jurist and professor of international law at the University of Toulouse, known for his 1895 treatise on international arbitration and studies of the Hague Peace Conferences.
Alma-Ata Protocol (Алма-Атинский протокол)
The Alma-Ata Protocol (Алма-Атинский протокол) is the 21 December 1991 protocol to the CIS founding agreement, signed at Alma-Ata when eight more Soviet republics joined the Belavezha Accords; adopted alongside the Alma-Ata Declaration declaring the USSR's dissolution.
Alphonse, Count of Poitiers
Alphonse de Poitiers (1220–1271), Capetian prince, brother of Louis IX, Count of Poitiers, Auvergne, and Toulouse (Alphonse II). Married Jeanne de Toulouse under the 1229 Treaty of Meaux-Paris; his childless death in 1271 returned the lands to the French crown.
Amal Clooney
Amal Clooney, born Amal Alamuddin in Beirut in 1978, is a British-Lebanese barrister at Doughty Street Chambers specializing in international human rights, criminal, and public international law, former UK Special Envoy for Media Freedom, and Clooney Foundation for Justice co-founder.
Amarna letters
The Amarna letters are a corpus of clay tablets, mostly diplomatic correspondence to pharaohs Amenhotep III and Akhenaten in the mid-fourteenth century BC, found at Tell el-Amarna in 1887.
Amendment and modification of treaties
Amendment and modification of treaties are the processes by which states parties change a treaty's content, governed by Articles 39 to 41 of the Vienna Convention.
American Bar Association Section of International Law
The American Bar Association Section of International Law (ABA SIL) is an ABA section, dating to 1933, with over 50 committees, policy reports, and the journal The International Lawyer.
American Service-Members' Protection Act
American Service-Members' Protection Act (ASPA), also called the Hague Invasion Act, a 2002 U.S. federal law (Title II of Pub. L. 107-206) limiting cooperation with the International Criminal Court, barring transfer of U.S. persons to it, and authorizing force to free detained U.S. or allied personnel.
American Society of International Law
American Society of International Law (ASIL), founded 1906, chartered by Congress 1950: a nonprofit, nonpartisan membership society headquartered at Tillar House, Washington, DC, publisher of AJIL and International Legal Materials, with about 4,000 members from over 100 countries.
Amur Annexation
Amur Annexation: the 1858 Treaty of Aigun (璦琿條約) and 1860 Treaty of Peking (中俄北京條約), by which Qing China ceded the left Amur bank and the Ussuri region to Russia, unequal treaties in Chinese memory.
André Weiss
André Weiss (1858–1928) was a French jurist who held the international law chair at the University of Paris and served as vice-president of the Permanent Court of International Justice.
Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824
The Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824, or Treaty of London, signed in London on 17 March 1824, divided the Malay Archipelago into British and Dutch spheres of influence.
Anglo-French treaties and truces, 1259–1303
The Anglo-French treaties and truces of 1259–1303 governed England's vassalage of Gascony, from the Treaty of Paris of 1259 to the Treaty of Paris of 1303.
Anglo-Irish Treaty
The Anglo-Irish Treaty, formally the Articles of Agreement for a Treaty between Great Britain and Ireland, signed 6 December 1921, ended the Irish War of Independence, created the Irish Free State as a Dominion, and triggered the Irish Civil War.
Anglo-Japanese Alliance (日英同盟)
The Anglo-Japanese Alliance (日英同盟), signed 30 January 1902, bound Britain and Japan to neutrality or joint war in East Asia; renewed 1905 and 1911, replaced by the Four-Power Treaty and terminated 1923.
Anglo-Polish alliance
Anglo-Polish alliance: the 1939 British guarantee to Poland (31 March) and Agreement of Mutual Assistance (25 August 1939), pledging mutual aid against European aggression; it led Britain to declare war on Germany on 3 September 1939 and ran until August 1944.
Anglo-Portuguese Alliance
Anglo-Portuguese Alliance (Aliança Luso-Inglesa): the England/UK–Portugal alliance, cited as the world's oldest in force, based on the treaties of Tagilde (1372), London (1373), and Windsor (1386), renewed through the Methuen treaties of 1703 and NATO membership.
Annexation of Junagadh
Annexation of Junagadh: 1947-48 takeover of the Kathiawar princely state whose Muslim Nawab acceded to Pakistan; India intervened, held a February 1948 plebiscite (190,779 to 91 for India), and Junagadh joined the Indian Union.
Antarctic Treaty System
Antarctic Treaty System (ATS): the international regime governing Antarctica and the Southern Ocean, based on the 1959 Antarctic Treaty plus CCAS, CCAMLR, and the 1991 Madrid Protocol; consensus rule, 57 parties, 29 consultative, science and peace focus.