1,303 articles
Papua New Guinea–Solomon Islands Maritime Boundary Treaty
Papua New Guinea–Solomon Islands Maritime Boundary Treaty, formally the 1989 Treaty Concerning Sovereignty, Maritime and Seabed Boundaries, signed 25 January 1989; delimits the two countries' EEZ boundary under UNCLOS, with related Special Areas and border surveillance agreements.
Paris Agreement
The Paris Agreement is a legally binding UNFCCC climate treaty adopted by 195 Parties at COP21 on 12 December 2015, in force 4 November 2016, with 194 Parties as of January 2026. It sets goals of well below 2°C, pursuing 1.5°C, via five-year NDCs, transparency, and global stocktakes.
Paris Arbitral Award
The Paris Arbitral Award is the 1899 decision that fixed the boundary between British Guiana and Venezuela, granting land east of the Essequibo River to Britain.
Paris Declaration Respecting Maritime Law
The Paris Declaration Respecting Maritime Law, adopted 16 April 1856 after the Crimean War by seven powers including Britain, France, Russia, and Turkey, abolished privateering, protected neutral goods except contraband, and required effective blockades; the United States never acceded.
Paris Peace Treaties, 1947
Paris Peace Treaties, 1947: five peace treaties signed in Paris on 10 February 1947 with Italy, Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary, and Finland after the 21-nation Paris Peace Conference of 1946; drafted by the Council of Foreign Ministers and in force from 15 September 1947.
Paropamisadae (Παροπαμισάδαι)
Paropamisadae (Greek: Παροπαμισάδαι) is the Greek and Roman name for a people and district of ancient Afghanistan in the Hindu Kush, and for the satrapy Alexander founded there.
Parties to the European Convention on Extradition
Parties to the European Convention on Extradition (ETS No. 24, 1957): Council of Europe member states plus Israel, South Africa, and the Republic of Korea; entry into force 18 April 1960; depositary Secretary-General of the Council of Europe.
Parties to the Treaty of Versailles
The parties to the Treaty of Versailles, the 1919 peace treaty between Germany and the Allied and Associated Powers, included the United States, which signed but never ratified it.
Partitio terrarum imperii Romaniae
Partitio terrarum imperii Romaniae, or Partitio Romaniae, is the 1204 catalog of how twelve Venetians and twelve crusaders divided the Byzantine lands after the fall of Constantinople.
Partition pacts of al-Andalus
The partition pacts of al-Andalus were agreements between Castile and Aragon, chiefly the treaties of Tudilén (1151), Cazola (1179), and Almizra (1244), pre-assigning the Muslim territories of southern Spain to whichever crown conquered them.
Partitions of Poland
The Partitions of Poland (1772, 1793, 1795) were three annexations of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth by Russia, Prussia, and Austria, ending Polish statehood until 1918.
Pasquale Fiore
Pasquale Fiore (1837–1914) was an Italian jurist and leading international lawyer who taught at four Italian universities, served as a senator from 1910, and was nominated for the 1913 Nobel Peace Prize.
Patent Cooperation Treaty
The Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT), signed in Washington in 1970 and administered by WIPO, allows a single international patent application effective in all 159 Contracting States, delaying national phase entry to 30 months.
Paul Fauchille
Paul Auguste Joseph Fauchille (1858–1926) was a French advocate, journal editor, and international lawyer, remembered as a pioneer of air law through his 1901 article on the aerial domain.
Paul Reuter
Paul Reuter (1911–1990) was a French professor of public international law who helped design the European Coal and Steel Community's High Authority and won the 1981 Balzan Prize.
Paulette caveat
The Paulette caveat was a 1973 application by sixteen Dene chiefs under Chief Francois Paulette to register a Land Titles Act caveat over about 400,000 square miles of Northwest Territories land covered by Treaties 8 and 11; Justice Morrow allowed it, but the Supreme Court of Canada dismissed the case in 1976 on a technicality.
Peace of Adrianople (1547)
The Peace of Adrianople (1547), also called the Truce of Adrianople, was a five-year Habsburg-Ottoman peace in which Ferdinand I paid tribute for his Hungarian lands.
Peace of Amasya
Peace of Amasya (29 May 1555), first Ottoman-Safavid peace treaty, signed between Suleiman the Magnificent and Shah Tahmasp I; recognized the border, curbed anti-Sunni cursing, and held for about twenty years.
Peace of Antalcidas
Peace of Antalcidas, also the King's Peace: the 387/386 BCE settlement by Artaxerxes II of Persia ending the Corinthian War, ceding Asia's Greek cities, Clazomenae, and Cyprus to Persia and declaring other Greek cities autonomous.
Peace of Melno
The Peace of Melno (Lithuanian: Melno taika) was a treaty signed on 27 September 1422 between the Teutonic Order, Poland, and Lithuania, ending nearly 200 years of war.
Peace of Prague (1635)
Peace of Prague (Prager Frieden), 30 May 1635 treaty between Emperor Ferdinand II and Elector John George I of Saxony that ended the German civil war of the Thirty Years' War, suspended the Edict of Restitution, and set the 1627 religious status quo, but left Sweden and France fighting until Westphalia (1648).
Peace of Pressburg (1805)
Peace of Pressburg (Presbourg): Franco-Austrian treaty signed 26 December 1805 after Austerlitz; Austria ceded Venetian lands to the Kingdom of Italy and German territories to Bavaria, Württemberg, and Baden, paid 40 million francs.
Peace of the Pyrenees (1659)
The Peace of the Pyrenees was a treaty signed on Pheasant Island on 7 November 1659, ending the Franco-Spanish war and ceding Roussillon and Artois to France.
Peace of Thorn (1411)
Peace of Thorn (First Peace of Thorn, First Peace of Toruń): treaty signed 1 February 1411 on a Vistula island at Thorn, ending the 1409–1411 Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War; Samogitia passed to Jagiełło and Vytautas for life, Dobrzyń Land returned, indemnity of 100,000 Prague groschen in four instalments.
Peace of Vasvár
The Peace of Vasvár (vasvári béke) was the 1664 agreement between the Habsburg Monarchy and the Ottoman Empire that ended the Austro-Turkish War of 1663–1664.
Peace Palace
The Peace Palace (Vredespaleis) in The Hague, opened 28 August 1913 with Andrew Carnegie's $1.5 million gift, houses the Permanent Court of Arbitration, the International Court of Justice, the Hague Academy of International Law, and the Peace Palace Library.
Peace treaties of Africa
Peace treaties of Africa are formal agreements concluded by African states or armed groups to end wars, accounting for over 38 percent of agreements signed from 1960 to 2022.
Peace treaties of France
Peace treaties of France are the formal agreements by which French regimes have ended its wars, from Westphalia in 1648 to the Treaty of Versailles in 1919.
Peace treaties of Latin American independence
The peace treaties of Latin American independence are the armistices and recognition treaties that ended the Spanish American wars of independence, from the 1820 Trujillo armistice onward.
Peace treaty
Peace treaty: a binding written international agreement ending a war, exemplified by Westphalia (1648) and Versailles (1919); governed by the 1969 Vienna Convention and implemented through monitored peace agreements.