1,303 articles
New START
New START, or New Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty, is a 2010 US-Russian nuclear arms treaty capping deployed strategic warheads at 1,550 with on-site inspections; it expired in February 2026.
New states of Germany
The five new states of Germany (neue Länder): Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Brandenburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Thuringia, and Saxony, reestablished by the 1990 Ländereinführungsgesetz and acceded to the Federal Republic on 3 October 1990.
New Territories (新界)
New Territories (新界): largest region of Hong Kong, leased to Britain for 99 years in 1898 and returned in 1997; now the site of the 30,000-hectare Northern Metropolis development.
New York Accords
The New York Accords, formally the Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards, is a 1958 United Nations treaty on foreign arbitral awards.
New York University Journal of International Law and Politics
New York University Journal of International Law and Politics (JILP), ISSN 0028-7873, is a student-run NYU Law journal founded in 1968 with Ford Foundation support, publishing peer-reviewed international law scholarship, student notes, and an online forum.
New Zealand Maori Council v Attorney-General
New Zealand Maori Council v Attorney-General [1987] 1 NZLR 641, the Lands case, is the Court of Appeal decision that first articulated the principles of the Treaty of Waitangi, holding the Treaty created a partnership with fiduciary-like good faith duties binding Crown asset transfers under the State-Owned Enterprises Act 1986.
New Zealand–Papua New Guinea relations
Bilateral relationship between New Zealand and Papua New Guinea (PNG), established in 1975; marked by the Statement of Partnership 2025–2029, Bougainville peace mediation, an Economic Plan of Action, defence cooperation, and RSE labour mobility.
Nicaean–Venetian treaty of 1219
Nicaean–Venetian treaty of 1219: August 1219 alliance and commercial treaty between Theodore I Laskaris of Nicaea and Venetian podestà Jacopo Tiepolo, granting Venice five-year duty-free trade throughout Nicaea while Nicaean merchants paid usual dues in Venetian lands.
Nicaragua v. Germany
Nicaragua v. Germany (ICJ Case 193), filed 1 March 2024, alleges Germany breached the Genocide Convention and Geneva Conventions via arms exports to Israel; the ICJ declined provisional measures 15–1 on 30 April 2024.
Nicaragua v. United States
ICJ case (1984–1991) in which Nicaragua sued the United States over contra support and port mining; the 1986 judgment found breaches of customary international law and the 1956 FCN treaty, with reparations ordered but never paid.
Nice Classification
Nice Classification (NCL): WIPO-administered international system of 45 trademark classes (34 goods, 11 services) under the 1957 Nice Agreement; 13th edition effective January 1, 2026.
Niue–United States Maritime Boundary Treaty
The Niue–United States Maritime Boundary Treaty, signed in Wellington in 1997 and in force from 2014, establishes a 279-mile equidistant maritime boundary between American Samoa and Niue.
No quarter
No quarter, or denial of quarter, means refusing to spare the lives of surrendering or defenseless enemies. Prohibited by Hague Regulations Article 23(d), customary IHL Rule 46, and the Rome Statute as a war crime.
Non-refoulement
Non-refoulement: international law principle, rooted in Article 33 of the 1951 Refugee Convention and Article 3 CAT, prohibiting return of people to persecution, torture, or serious harm; customary norm binding all states.
Nordic Journal of International Law
Nordic Journal of International Law (Nordisk tidsskrift for international ret) is a Brill | Nijhoff peer-reviewed international law journal, founded 1930 by Erik Bruel, ISSN 0902-7351, Scopus Q2, CiteScore 2.2.
North Korea–Russia border
The North Korea–Russia border is a 17–19 km stretch of the Tumen River between Rason and Khasan, with a rail bridge at Tumangang and a road bridge opened in 2026.
Northern Catalonia
Northern Catalonia (Catalunya Nord): Catalan-speaking territory of Roussillon, Conflent, Vallespir, Capcir and part of Cerdanya ceded by Spain to France in the 1659 Treaty of the Pyrenees, now Pyrénées-Orientales.
Norway–Russia border
The Norway–Russia border, also called the Norwegian-Russian or Storskog border, is a 197.7 km Arctic land border established by the 1826 St. Petersburg convention, crossed only at Storskog–Borisoglebsk and patrolled by the Garrison in Sør-Varanger.
Norway–Russia maritime boundary treaties (Barents Sea)
The Norway–Russia maritime boundary treaties are agreements delimiting the Barents Sea and Arctic Ocean between Norway and Russia, culminating in the 2010 treaty signed in Murmansk.
Norway–Sweden border
Norway–Sweden border: the roughly 1,630 km land frontier (Europe's longest between two countries), fixed by the 1751 Treaty of Strömstad, marked by stone cairns, a customs border since Norway is outside the EU, and open to travel under Schengen.
Nottebohm case
Nottebohm (Liechtenstein v. Guatemala) is the ICJ's 1955 judgment originating the genuine link doctrine: nationality valid under domestic law does not support diplomatic protection against another state absent a real, effective connection between person and state.
Novgorod–Hanseatic treaties
The Novgorod–Hanseatic treaties were peace and trade agreements between the Novgorod Republic and German merchants of the Baltic, concluded from the late twelfth century until Novgorod's absorption by Moscow in 1478.
Novgorod–Swedish and Norwegian treaties
The Novgorod–Swedish and Norwegian treaties are peace and boundary accords between the Novgorod Republic, Sweden, and Norway, chiefly the 1323 Treaty of Nöteborg and the 1326 Treaty of Novgorod.
Nuclear Security Summit
Nuclear Security Summit (NSS): series of four biennial leaders' summits (Washington 2010, Seoul 2012, The Hague 2014, Washington 2016) launched by Obama to prevent nuclear terrorism by securing and minimizing weapons-usable nuclear material; ended 2016, succeeded by the Nuclear Security Contact Group.
Nuclear Suppliers Group
The Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) is a voluntary group of 48 governments that controls nuclear exports to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons, formed in 1975 after India's first nuclear test.
Nuclear Terrorism Convention
The Nuclear Terrorism Convention (ICSANT), adopted 13 April 2005 by UN General Assembly resolution A/RES/59/290, entered into force 7 July 2007; it criminalizes nuclear terrorism by non-state actors and has 115 signatories and 127 parties.
Nuclear-weapon-free zone
A nuclear-weapon-free zone (NWFZ) is a region whose states pledge not to make, acquire, test, or hold nuclear weapons, with five treaty-based zones covering most of the Southern Hemisphere.
Nullity, revision and enforcement of inter-state arbitral awards
Nullity, revision and enforcement of inter-state arbitral awards is the doctrine that inter-state awards face no compulsory annulment, with review only by consent, as in two ICJ cases.
Nunavut Land Claims Agreement
Nunavut Land Claims Agreement (NLCA): modern treaty signed May 25, 1993 in Iqaluit between the Inuit of the Nunavut Settlement Area (Tungavik Federation of Nunavut, now Nunavut Tunngavik Inc.), Canada, and the Northwest Territories; Canada's largest land claim, tied to Nunavut's 1999 creation.
Nuremberg Code
Nuremberg Code (Nürnberger Kodex): ten-point set of ethical principles for human experimentation issued August 19, 1947, in the verdict of the Doctors' Trial (USA v. Karl Brandt et al.), centered on absolute voluntary informed consent; basis for the Declaration of Helsinki and Belmont Report.