1,303 articles
Territorial provisions of the Peace of Westphalia
The territorial provisions of the Peace of Westphalia were the 1648 land and dynastic terms by which France, Sweden, Bavaria, and other estates redistributed conquests.
Territorial treaties
Territorial treaties are treaties by which states settle sovereign control over land, whether by fixing a boundary, ceding territory, or confirming an existing frontier; cession requires the consent of both states.
Territorial waters
Territorial waters (the territorial sea) are the belt of sea adjacent to a coastal state, up to 12 nautical miles from baselines under UNCLOS, over which the state holds sovereignty including airspace and seabed, limited by the right of innocent passage, with a 24-nautical-mile contiguous zone beyond.
Territory
Territory: the geographical domain of a state's legal jurisdiction and the spatial basis of sovereignty in international law, bounded by borders since Westphalia, acquired by conquest, cession, secession, or terra nullius, and critiqued for mismatch with nations.
Terrorism suppression conventions
Terrorism suppression conventions are a network of 16 sectoral treaties, dating from 1963, that require states to criminalize hijacking, bombing, hostage-taking, and terrorist financing and to extradite or prosecute offenders.
Terrorist Financing Convention
Terrorist Financing Convention (International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism): 1999 UN treaty criminalizing providing or collecting funds for terrorist acts; adopted without vote, in force 10 April 2002, 191 parties.
The Bund (外滩)
The Bund (外滩, Waitan) is Shanghai's Huangpu River waterfront, its name carried by East India Company merchant networks; a preserved 30-foot towpath became the treaty port's financial district, with HSBC (1923), Customs House (1927), Peace Hotel (1929) and Bank of China (1937).
The Hague Academy of International Law
The Hague Academy of International Law (Académie de droit international de La Haye), founded 1923 with Carnegie funding at the Peace Palace, teaches public and private international law through six-week summer and three-week winter courses and publishes the Collected Courses.
The Signing of Peace in the Hall of Mirrors
The Signing of Peace in the Hall of Mirrors: the 28 June 1919 Versailles ceremony where Germany signed the Treaty of Versailles, ending World War I; commemorated in Sir William Orpen's painting of the same name.
Thematic sanctions regimes of the United Nations Security Council
Thematic sanctions regimes of the United Nations Security Council are Chapter VII enforcement regimes targeting conduct like terrorism and proliferation rather than a named state, binding every member.
Thematic Security Council resolutions on weapons of mass destruction
Thematic Security Council resolutions on weapons of mass destruction are UN resolutions binding all member states, whose core instrument, Resolution 1540, was adopted unanimously in 2004 under Chapter VII.
Third Partition of Poland
Third Partition of Poland (1795), final of three partitions by Russia, Prussia, and Austria after the Kościuszko Uprising; treaties signed in Saint Petersburg erased the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth until 1918.
Third World approaches to international law
Third World approaches to international law (TWAIL) is a critical legal movement, formalized at a 1997 Harvard conference, arguing imperialism shaped international law; spans TWAIL I and II generations led by Anghie, Chimni, and Gathii.
Threat of force (international law)
Threat of force in international law: an express or implied promise to use armed force unless demands are met, prohibited by Article 2(4) UN Charter alongside the use of force, defined through the ICJ's 1996 Nuclear Weapons opinion and Brownlie's ultimatum formula.
Timeline of European Union history
Timeline of European Union history: from the 1951 ECSC and 1957 Treaty of Rome (six founders) through enlargements of 1973, 1981, 1986, 1995, 2004, 2007, 2013, the Maastricht Treaty (1992), the euro (1999, cash 2002), and Brexit (2020), leaving 27 members.
Tino rangatiratanga
Tino rangatiratanga, a Māori term for full chieftainship or absolute authority, is the Article 2 guarantee of te Tiriti o Waitangi over lands, villages, and taonga, distinct from the English text's 'undisturbed possession' and paired with kāwanatanga.
Tla'amin Nation
Tla'amin Nation, formerly Sliammon First Nation, is a Coast Salish self-governing First Nation near Powell River, BC, whose modern treaty (ʔaʔǰɩnxʷegəs) took effect April 5, 2016, the fourth modern treaty in British Columbia.
Tobias Asser
Tobias Asser, also known as Tobias Michael Carel Asser, was a Dutch jurist who convened the Hague conferences on private international law and won the 1911 Nobel Peace Prize.
Toivo Mikael Kivimäki
Toivo Mikael Kivimäki (1886–1968), Finnish jurist and politician, Prime Minister 1932–1936, envoy in Berlin 1940–1944, convicted in the 1946 war responsibility trial, professor of civil law at Helsinki.
Toronto Purchase
Toronto Purchase (Treaty 13): 1787 agreement and 1805 indenture surrendering about 250,880 acres north of Lake Ontario, including Toronto, from the Mississaugas to the Crown; contested claim settled in 2010 for $145 million.
Torres Strait Treaty
The Torres Strait Treaty is a bilateral agreement between Australia and Papua New Guinea, signed in 1978, that sets their maritime boundary and creates a Protected Zone.
Torture
Torture: intentional infliction of severe physical or mental pain by officials, absolutely prohibited under the 1984 Convention against Torture (176 parties), the Geneva Conventions, and the Istanbul Protocol documentation standard.
Trail Smelter dispute
The Trail Smelter dispute was a Canada-US transboundary pollution arbitration (awards 1938 and 1941) over sulphur dioxide from the Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company smelter at Trail, British Columbia, damaging Washington farmland; its no-harm dictum founded international environmental law.
Transformation doctrine (international law)
The transformation doctrine is the dualist rule in international law that ratified treaties bind a state externally but become enforceable domestically only after national legislation.
Transparency and publicity in international arbitration
Transparency and publicity in international arbitration describes the shift from confidential proceedings toward public access, driven by the 2014 UNCITRAL Transparency Rules and 2022 ICSID Rules in investment treaty arbitration.
Travel requirements for Polish citizens
Travel requirements for Polish citizens: EU and Schengen travel with passport or national ID card, US Visa Waiver Program entry since November 11, 2019 with ESTA, ID-card-only neighboring countries, and Henley passport rankings near the top.
Treaties and Other International Acts Series
The Treaties and Other International Acts Series (TIAS) is the official treaty series of the United States, published by the Department of State since 1945 as legal proof of treaties.
Treaties between major powers
Treaties between major powers compares how bilateral agreements between large states, including alliances, friendship pacts, arms-control accords, and trade agreements, are structured, ratified, and studied across pairs.
Treaties between Rome and Carthage
Roman-Carthaginian treaties of friendship recorded by Polybius (Histories 3): dated 509/508, 348, and 279 BC, governing trade limits, Latium, mutual aid, and refuting Philinus's alleged fourth treaty.
Treaties of Berwick
The Treaties of Berwick are three Anglo-Scottish agreements signed at Berwick-upon-Tweed: David II's ransom in 1357, an Elizabethan alliance in 1560, and a league in 1586.