1,303 articles
Status of Gibraltar
Status of Gibraltar: British Overseas Territory ceded by the 1713 Treaty of Utrecht, claimed by Spain; since 15 July 2026 governed by a UK-EU treaty with a customs union, Schengen-style border rules, and a sovereignty-preserving Article 2.
Statute of the Council of Europe
The Statute of the Council of Europe (ETS No. 1), signed in London 5 May 1949 by ten states, is the founding treaty of the Council of Europe, defining its aim, membership, organs, and amendment rules.
Statute of the International Court of Justice
The Statute of the International Court of Justice, annexed to the UN Charter and adopted at San Francisco in 1945, constitutes the ICJ: its organization, judge election, contentious and advisory jurisdiction, Article 38 sources of law, procedure, and amendment.
Stephen McCaffrey
Stephen C. McCaffrey, born 1945, is an American legal scholar who led drafting of the 1997 UN Watercourses Convention and won the 2017 Stockholm Water Prize.
Stevens Treaties
The Stevens Treaties are ten 1854–1855 agreements negotiated by Washington Territory Governor Isaac Stevens, some with Joel Palmer, with Pacific Northwest tribes; they reserve off-reservation fishing, hunting, and gathering rights, including the Makah whaling right.
Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants
The Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants is a global treaty adopted 22 May 2001, in force 17 May 2004, with 186 Parties. It bans or restricts POPs, requires National Implementation Plans, four-yearly reporting, POPRC chemical review, and Global Monitoring Plan effectiveness evaluation.
Succession of states
Succession of states: replacement of one state by another in responsibility for a territory's international relations. Governs treaty continuity (1978 Vienna Convention, clean slate for new states), property, debts, and nationality; codification has had limited uptake.
Succession Treaty of Esarhaddon
The Succession Treaty of Esarhaddon, also called Esarhaddon's Succession Treaty, is a Neo-Assyrian oath imposed in 672 BC binding vassals and officials to support Ashurbanipal's succession.
Suez Crisis vetoes in the United Nations Security Council
The Suez Crisis vetoes were the first vetoes cast by Britain in the UN Security Council, on 30 October 1956, when Britain and France blocked resolutions calling for Israeli withdrawal from Egypt.
Suspension of treaty operation
Suspension of treaty operation is the temporary cessation of all or part of a treaty under the Vienna Convention, with the treaty itself continuing to exist.
Suzerainty
Suzerainty, French Suzeraineté, is the relationship in which a dominant state directs a weaker polity's foreign affairs and military protection while the vassal retains internal self-rule.
Svalbard Treaty
Svalbard Treaty (Spitsbergen Treaty, Svalbardtraktaten), signed Paris 9 February 1920, in force 14 August 1925: recognizes Norwegian sovereignty over Svalbard while granting signatory states equal economic rights and restricting military use.
Swains Island
Swains Island (Olohega, also Quiros, Gente Hermosa, Olosega, Jennings Island) is an atoll at 11°3′S 170°55′W, part of American Samoa since 1925. Privately held by the Jennings family from 1856; Tokelau claim extinguished by the 1980 Treaty of Tokehega.
Sweden–NATO relations
Sweden–NATO relations: Sweden's ties with the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, from Partnership for Peace (1994) through its 18 May 2022 application to full membership on 7 March 2024, after ratifications by Türkiye and Hungary ended two centuries of neutrality.
Swedish Estonia
Swedish Estonia, remembered in Estonian as Rootsi aeg, was the period from 1561 to 1710, legally 1721, when Estonia belonged to the Swedish realm, ending with the Great Northern War.
Swedish Lithuania
Swedish Lithuania: the 1655–1656 Swedish-Grand Duchy of Lithuania union under the Kėdainiai treaties, distinct from Swedish Livonia and Estonia, collapsed in the 1656 Lithuanian uprising against Swedish rule.
Swedish Pomerania
Swedish Pomerania (Svenska Pommern): Baltic province held by Sweden 1648–1815, granted at Westphalia to Queen Christina, reduced by the 1720 Treaty of Stockholm, ceded to Prussia in 1815.
Swiss neutrality
Swiss neutrality: Switzerland's permanent, armed neutrality, recognized in the 1815 Treaty of Paris, anchored in the constitution since 1848, governed by the 1907 Hague Conventions, and reshaped by the 2022 sanctions debate over Russia's invasion of Ukraine.
Taliban sanctions regime (United Nations Security Council Resolution 1988)
The Taliban sanctions regime is a UN Security Council regime, created by resolution 1988 in 2011, imposing asset freezes, travel bans, and arms embargoes on Taliban-associated individuals and entities.
Tallinn Manual
Tallinn Manual, also Tallinn Manual 2.0, is a non-binding scholarly restatement of international law as applied to cyber operations, produced by expert groups under NATO's CCDCOE in Tallinn, Estonia; editions 2013 and 2017, with a 3.0 project since 2021.
Targeted killing
Targeted killing, also called targeted assassination, is the intentional, premeditated use of lethal force by states against selected individuals not in custody, governed by IHL, human rights law, and jus ad bellum, notably practiced by Israel since 2000 and the US after 2001.
Tashkent Declaration
The Tashkent Declaration is a peace agreement signed 10 January 1966 at Tashkent, Uzbek SSR, by India's Shastri and Pakistan's Ayub Khan, mediated by Soviet Premier Kosygin, ending the 1965 Indo-Pakistani War through withdrawal to pre-5 August 1965 positions. Distinct from the 1997, 1999, and 2004 declarations of the same name.
Tashkent Treaty (1992)
The Tashkent Treaty, formally the Collective Security Treaty, is a mutual-security treaty signed at Tashkent on 15 May 1992 by six post-Soviet states, obliging members to assist any party under attack.
Temple of Preah Vihear case
The Temple of Preah Vihear case is a Cambodia v. Thailand dispute decided by the International Court of Justice, which awarded the temple to Cambodia in 1962.
Termination of League of Nations mandates and United Nations succession
League of Nations mandates ended through individual acts of termination rather than the League's 1946 dissolution, a rule the International Court of Justice established in 1950.
Termination, withdrawal and denunciation of treaties
Termination, withdrawal, and denunciation are the ways a state ends its participation in a treaty, governed largely by the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties as customary law.
Territorial application of treaties
Territorial application of treaties is the body of rules deciding whether, and in which territories, a treaty binds a state, with special clauses for colonies and dependent territories.
Territorial evolution of North America since 1763
Continental map changes since 1763: British conquest of New France, the 1783 and 1803 U.S. treaties, Mexican Cession, and Canada's growth from the 1867 union to Nunavut in 1999.
Territorial exchange and cession treaties of early modern Europe
Territorial exchange and cession treaties were standalone early-modern agreements by which rulers transferred sovereignty over defined territories, like the 1601 Treaty of Lyon between France and Savoy.
Territorial principle
Territorial principle: the public international law rule grounding state jurisdiction in territory, shaped by the 1927 Lotus case, split into subjective and objective forms, extended by the effects doctrine, and challenged by cyberspace.