9,901 articles
Ferdinand F. Fernandez
Ferdinand F. Fernandez, born 1937, is an American jurist and senior judge of the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, appointed by President George H.W. Bush in 1989.
Ferdinand Waldo Demara
Ferdinand Waldo Demara (1921–1982), "The Great Impostor," was an American serial impostor who posed as a Trappist monk, dean, cancer researcher, Texas prison official, and Royal Canadian Navy surgeon Joseph Cyr aboard HMCS Cayuga in the Korean War.
Fernando J. Gaitan, Jr.
Fernando J. Gaitan, Jr. (born 1948) is an American jurist serving as a senior United States district judge for the Western District of Missouri since 2014.
Fernando L. Aenlle-Rocha
Fernando Lazaro Aenlle-Rocha, born in 1961 in Havana, Cuba, is a United States district judge for the Central District of California, appointed by President Trump in 2020.
Fernando M. Olguin
Fernando Manzano Olguin is an American jurist serving as a United States district judge for the Central District of California since 2013, after serving as a magistrate judge there from 2001.
Fernando Rodriguez, Jr.
Fernando Rodriguez, Jr. (born 1969) is a United States district judge for the Southern District of Texas, sitting in Brownsville since 2018, appointed by President Trump.
Fiat justitia ruat caelum
Fiat justitia ruat caelum, a Latin legal maxim meaning "let justice be done though the heavens fall", demands judgment regardless of consequences; famously used by Lord Mansfield in R v Wilkes and Somerset v Stewart, with contested attribution.
Fidel Castaño
Fidel Castaño, or Fidel Antonio Castaño Gil, was a Colombian cattle rancher, drug trafficker, and paramilitary leader whose army grew into the ACCU and later the AUC.
Fiduciary
A fiduciary is a person legally bound to act in another's best interests. Core duties of loyalty and care, no-profit and no-conflict rules, status- and fact-based identification, common law origins, and global variation.
Fief
Fief (Medieval Latin feudum, from Germanic fehu, cattle): a tenure of land, rights, or revenue held from a lord by a vassal after homage, in exchange for chiefly military service, central to European feudalism.
Fifteenth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland
The Fifteenth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland (1995) removed the constitutional ban on divorce, passed 24 November 1995 with 50.28% Yes, and was signed 17 June 1996, replaced in part by the 2019 Thirty-eighth Amendment.
Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
The Fifteenth Amendment (1870) bars denying or abridging the vote on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude; ratified February 3, 1870, enforced by the Voting Rights Act of 1965.
Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution
The Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution, part of the Bill of Rights ratified in 1791, guarantees due process, grand jury indictment, and the privilege against self-incrimination.
Fighting words
Fighting words, from Chaplinsky v. New Hampshire (1942), are face-to-face insulting speech outside First Amendment protection; no Supreme Court conviction upheld since 1942, narrowed by R.A.V. and Virginia v. Black.
Filicide
Filicide is the killing of a child by a parent, sometimes extended to killings by stepparents and parent equivalents; distinct terms cover neonaticide and infanticide.
Final Act of the Congress of Vienna
The Final Act of the Congress of Vienna, the General Treaty of Congress, is the treaty signed at Vienna on 9 June 1815 recording the European settlement after the Napoleonic Wars.
Finance lease
Finance lease: also called full payout lease or, formerly in US GAAP, capital lease. A lease transferring substantially all ownership risks and rewards to the lessee; economically a loan secured on the asset, capitalized with amortization plus interest expense.
Financial Industry Regulatory Authority
FINRA (Financial Industry Regulatory Authority) is the private not-for-profit self-regulatory organization overseeing U.S. broker-dealers, formed July 30, 2007 from NASD and NYSE member regulation, SEC-overseen, funded by member fees, and operating the largest securities arbitration forum.
Financial regulation
Financial regulation: rules and supervision governing banks and securities markets. Key landmarks: Glass-Steagall 1933 and the FDIC, Gramm-Leach-Bliley 1999, Dodd-Frank 2010, and the Basel I-III capital accords.
Financial relief on divorce in England and Wales
Financial relief on divorce in England and Wales is the set of court orders under the Matrimonial Causes Act 1973 dividing divorcing spouses' money, property, and pensions.
Fine (penalty)
Fine (penalty): a monetary payment imposed as a criminal or administrative sanction, also called a monetary fine or penal fine. One of the oldest punishments, ranging from fixed and day-fine systems to federal caps of $250,000 per felony count.
Finland–NATO relations
Finland–NATO relations: Finland's decades as a NATO partner (Partnership for Peace 1994, Enhanced Opportunity Partner), its May 2022 application with Sweden after Russia's invasion of Ukraine, and accession as NATO's 31st member on 4 April 2023.
Finland–Russia relations
Finland–Russia relations: ties between neighbors sharing a 1,340 km border, shaped by the 1939–44 wars, the 1948–92 FCMA pact and Finlandization, then NATO accession in April 2023 and border closure since December 2023.
Finnegan, Henderson, Farabow, Garrett & Dunner
Finnegan, Henderson, Farabow, Garrett & Dunner (Finnegan) is a Washington, DC-founded IP-only law firm (1965), one of the world's largest, filing about 2,500 US patent applications yearly and ranking among the most active firms at the PTAB.
Fiona Shackleton
Fiona Shackleton, Baroness Shackleton of Belgravia, LVO, is a British family law solicitor at Payne Hicks Beach and Conservative life peer, known for royal and celebrity divorces including Charles v Diana and Potanin v Potanina.
Firearm Owners Protection Act
Firearm Owners Protection Act (FOPA), Public Law 99-308 of May 19, 1986, amended the Gun Control Act of 1968: it barred a national gun registry, limited ATF inspections, added safe interstate passage, and banned post-1986 civilian machineguns via the Hughes Amendment.
Firearms regulation in Canada
Firearms regulation in Canada, governed by the Firearms Act (1995) and the Criminal Code, requires licensing and restricts storage, transport, and transfer of firearms. Recent changes include the 2020 assault-style firearms ban, the 2022 handgun freeze, and Bill C-21's red-flag orders.
Firearms regulation in Finland
Firearms regulation in Finland rests on the Firearms Act (1/1998, in force 1 March 1998): per-firearm police permits, strict storage rules, secure cabinets for dangerous firearms or over five guns, and EU Firearms Directive-driven amendments.
Firearms regulation in the United Kingdom
UK firearms regulation: police-licensed possession under the Firearms Act 1968, with shotgun and firearm certificates, section 5 prohibited weapons, the 1997 handgun ban after Dunblane, and 2025 to 2026 safeguards on medical checks, referees, and fees.
First Amendment to the United States Constitution
First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution (1791): bars Congress from establishing religion, abridging speech, press, assembly, or petition; first of ten Bill of Rights amendments, applied to states via the Fourteenth Amendment since 1925.