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Law and justice

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Family law in German-speaking and Benelux civil-code systems

Family law in German-speaking and Benelux civil-code systems covers marriage, divorce, parental responsibility, and matrimonial property under the BGB, ABGB, Swiss Civil Code, and Belgian and Dutch codes.

Family law in Latin America, Spain and Portugal

Family law in Latin America, Spain, and Portugal comprises civil-law systems descended from Iberian codes, marked by differing default marital-property regimes, no-fault divorce, and growing recognition of cohabitation.

Family law in Poland

Family law in Poland is governed principally by the Family and Guardianship Code (Kodeks rodzinny i opiekuńczy) of 1964, which regulates marriage, divorce, parental authority, maintenance, and guardianship, and keeps a fault-based divorce system.

Family law in Singapore

Family law in Singapore, governed by the Women's Charter 1961 for non-Muslims and the Administration of Muslim Law Act 1966 for Muslims, covers marriage, divorce, maintenance, and children, administered by the Family Justice Courts and the Syariah Court under therapeutic justice principles and the Family Justice Rules 2024.

Family law in the Commonwealth: comparative overview

Family law in the Commonwealth: comparative overview is a comparative survey of family law across Commonwealth states, comparing Canada, Australia, Singapore, and the Caribbean on divorce, child support, and jurisdiction.

Family law of Northern Ireland

Family law of Northern Ireland is the body of statute and case law governing marriage, divorce, children, and adoption, centered on the 1978 and 1995 Orders.

Family law of Singapore

Family law of Singapore: dual system of civil family law under the Women's Charter 1961 and Muslim family law under the Administration of Muslim Law Act 1966, covering marriage, divorce, maintenance, and children.

Fancy Bear

Fancy Bear, also known as APT28 or Sofacy, is a Russian state-sponsored cyber-espionage group assessed as GRU Unit 26165, active since 2004 and behind the 2016 DNC hack.

Fani Willis

Fani Willis, Fulton County, Georgia district attorney since January 2021, first woman and first Black woman in the post; indicted Trump over 2020 election interference, was disqualified over the Nathan Wade relationship, and the case was dismissed in 2025.

Farah Constructions Pty Ltd v Say-Dee Pty Ltd

Farah Constructions Pty Ltd v Say-Dee Pty Ltd [2007] HCA 22, (2007) 230 CLR 89: unanimous High Court of Australia decision on fiduciary disclosure, Barnes v Addy liability, unjust enrichment, indefeasibility, and precedent comity among Australian intermediate appellate courts.

Farmland Reform Act

The Farmland Reform Act (농지개혁법) was a South Korean law of 1949, amended in 1950, under which the government bought tenanted land above a 3-hectare ceiling and resold it to cultivating tenant farmers.

Farmville murders

The Farmville murders were the September 2009 bludgeoning deaths of four people, including Longwood professor Debra Kelley, at 505 First Avenue in Farmville, Virginia; horrorcore rapper Richard "Syko Sam" McCroskey pleaded guilty in 2010 and received life sentences.

Fat Leonard scandal

Fat Leonard scandal: Leonard Glenn Francis, Malaysian owner of Singapore's Glenn Defense Marine Asia, bribed US Navy officers and overbilled port services, defrauding about $34-35 million; 35 charged, 15-year sentence in 2024.

Father

Father in law: legal fatherhood through the marital presumption (pater est quem nuptiae demonstrant), the history of paternity testing, parental responsibility, and modern intent-based parentage law.

Fathima Beevi

Fathima Beevi (1927–2023), Kerala jurist, first woman judge of the Supreme Court of India (appointed 6 October 1989), first Muslim woman in any higher judiciary, and first woman Supreme Court justice in Asia; later NHRC member and Governor of Tamil Nadu 1997–2001.

Fatou Bensouda

Fatou Bensouda, Gambian lawyer and second ICC Prosecutor (2012–2021) after serving as Deputy Prosecutor from 2004; led the Afghanistan investigation, was sanctioned by the US in 2020, succeeded by Karim Khan.

Fatwa (فتوى)

A fatwa (فتوى) is a non-binding advisory ruling on Islamic law issued by a qualified mufti in answer to a question, distinct from a qadi's binding judgment and derived through ijtihad.

Fault-based grounds for divorce

Fault-based grounds for divorce are legally specified acts of marital misconduct, such as adultery, cruelty, or desertion, that a spouse must plead and prove, unlike no-fault grounds.

FBI hate crime statistics

The FBI hate crime statistics are annual, voluntary counts of offenses police judged bias-motivated, collected through the Uniform Crime Reporting Program; in 2024 they documented 11,679 hate crimes.

Fear of crime

Fear of crime is the emotional dread or anxiety about crime and crime-related symbols, studied since 1967. Distinct from perceived risk, it correlates only weakly with actual crime rates, is measured mainly by contested survey indicators, and is reduced by urban design interventions with gender-specific effects.

Fearmongering

Fearmongering is deliberately making people fearful or anxious to manipulate them; near-synonyms are scaremongering and alarmism. Its studied scientific form is the fear appeal, effective mainly when paired with high efficacy, and its documented costs include defensive reactions and distorted risk perception.

Federal Assault Weapons Ban

Federal Assault Weapons Ban (Public Safety and Recreational Firearms Use Protection Act), part of the 1994 Violent Crime Control Act, banned named semiautomatic assault weapons, two-feature firearms, and magazines over 10 rounds from September 13, 1994 until its sunset on September 13, 2004.

Federal Bureau of Prisons

The Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP) is the Department of Justice agency that confines people convicted of federal crimes in 122 facilities of five security levels.

Federal Correctional Complex, Butner

FCC Butner is a four-institution Federal Bureau of Prisons complex in Butner, North Carolina, with FCI Butner Low, Medium I, Medium II, and the FMC Butner medical center, holding about 3,878 men.

Federal Correctional Institution, Danbury

Federal Correctional Institution, Danbury: low-security federal prison complex in Danbury, Connecticut, the state's only federal prison; three facilities (men's FCI, women's Federal Satellite Low, women's camp); opened 1940, women's prison 1994, men's again 2014; 2020 COVID-19 hotspot and Martinez-Brooks v. Easter litigation.

Federal Correctional Institution, Dublin

FCI Dublin was a low-security federal women's prison in Dublin, California, opened 1974, converted 2012, closed 2024 after a staff sexual-abuse scandal, prosecutions, a $116 million settlement, and court-ordered monitoring.

Federal Correctional Institution, Edgefield

FCI Edgefield, a medium security Federal Bureau of Prisons prison for male inmates in Edgefield, South Carolina, opened 1998, with a minimum security satellite camp, capacity 1,472, ACA accreditation, and a CDL apprenticeship program.

Federal Correctional Institution, Englewood

FCI Englewood (Federal Correctional Institution, Englewood) is a low-security federal prison for men in Littleton, Colorado, built in 1938, with a detention center and a camp suspended in 2024; it is a Sex Offender Management Program institution.

Federal Correctional Institution, Otisville

The Federal Correctional Institution, Otisville is a medium-security federal prison for men run by the Federal Bureau of Prisons, near Otisville in Orange County, New York.

Federal crime in the United States

Federal crime in the United States: conduct punishable under acts of Congress rather than state law, requiring an enumerated constitutional basis such as the Commerce Clause, with roughly 3,000 to over 5,000 distinct federal offenses.