9,901 articles
Procedure, costs and access in UK tribunals
Procedure, costs, and access in UK tribunals covers how the two-tier UK tribunal system handles fees, costs orders, representation, and appeals, including the 2017 abolition of employment tribunal fees.
Procedures of the Supreme Court of the United States
Procedures of the U.S. Supreme Court: certiorari granted by four Justices, 50-page merits briefs, 30-minute arguments, private Conference voting, and the October Term sitting-recess calendar.
Proctor
Proctor, from Latin procurator: English legal practitioner with exclusive audience in ecclesiastical and admiralty courts until the Judicature Acts 1873–1875; also the King's Proctor, US admiralty lawyers, and Oxford and Cambridge disciplinary officers.
Procuring (prostitution)
Procuring (prostitution) is the offense of recruiting or facilitating another person's prostitution, historically targeting third parties. Covers England's 1885 CLAA origins, France's 1946 Marthe Richard law, US 18 USC 2422, and regime comparisons.
Product liability
Product liability: law holding manufacturers, distributors, and sellers responsible for damage from defective products. Strict liability in the US, EU Directive 2024/2853 (replacing the 1985 directive) covering software and AI.
Professional associations of patent and trademark attorneys
Professional associations of patent and trademark attorneys are organizations that qualify, represent, and advocate for IP attorneys, beginning with London's Chartered Institute of Patent Agents in 1882.
Professional Tax
Professional tax is a state-level Indian tax on employment, profession, trade, or calling under Article 276 of the Constitution, capped at ₹2,500 per person per year, deducted from salary by employers and deductible under Section 16(iii) of the Income-tax Act.
Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act, 1949
Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act, 1949 (Act 55 of 1949), apartheid South Africa's first apartheid-era statute banning marriage between Whites and non-Whites; voided such marriages, extended extraterritorially in 1968, repealed 19 June 1985.
Prohibition of the use of force (Article 2(4))
The prohibition of the use of force, set out in Article 2(4) of the UN Charter, bars UN Members from threatening or using force against any state's territorial integrity or political independence.
Project 2025
Project 2025 (Mandate for Leadership: The Conservative Promise) is the Heritage Foundation's 920-page, April 2023 conservative transition blueprint with 100 coalition partners; Trump disavowed it, but roughly half its recommendations were implemented in his second term's first year.
Properties of Jeffrey Epstein
Properties of Jeffrey Epstein: his Manhattan townhouse, Palm Beach mansion, Zorro Ranch, Little St. James and Great St. James islands, and Paris apartment; all sold by his estate after 2019, funding victim compensation and the $105 million USVI settlement.
Property
Property, in law, is anything tangible or intangible that can be owned, used, transferred, or disposed of. Covers real versus personal property, estates in land (fee simple, life estate, leasehold), future interests, and the rule against perpetuities.
Property law
Property law governs ownership, use, and transfer of land and things, organized around title, estates, and tenure in common law systems and ownership and real rights in civil law systems, with registration and conveyancing rules.
Property Law of the People's Republic of China
Property Law of the PRC (物权法), the 2007 Property Rights Law effective October 1, 2007: China's first comprehensive real rights statute, defining ownership, usufructuary and security rights over land held by the state or collectives, later absorbed into the 2020 Civil Code.
Property management
Property management: professional operation of rental real estate for owners, from Octavia Hill's 1865 London housing work and the 1933 founding of IREM to today's income-maximizing, AI-assisted managers.
Property tax in the United States
Property tax in the United States is a tax on real and personal property, levied mostly by local governments, which collected $630 billion in 2021.
Propiska in the Soviet Union
Propiska (прописка), Soviet mandatory residence registration stamp in the internal passport, established 27 December 1932; controlled access to housing, jobs, and services, restricted migration to cities like Moscow, and persisted post-Soviet times.
Proposed treaties
A proposed treaty is a drafted but unsigned treaty, covering drafts under negotiation, adopted drafts never opened for signature, and abandoned proposals; multilateral negotiations average about 900 days.
Proposition Joe
Proposition Joe (Joseph Stewart) is an East Baltimore drug kingpin in HBO's The Wire, played by Robert F. Chew. Known for the catchphrase "I've got a proposition for you," the New Day Co-Op co-founder appears in 24 episodes across all five seasons.
Proprietary estoppel
Proprietary estoppel, an English equitable doctrine, enforces assurances of a property interest where the claimant reasonably relies to their detriment; key cases include Thorner v Major [2009] UKHL 18 and Guest v Guest [2022] UKSC 27.
Proscription
Proscription is the public posting of death lists condemning enemies of the state without trial, used in the late Roman Republic by Sulla and the Second Triumvirate.
Prosecution history estoppel
Prosecution history estoppel is a judge-made rule of United States patent law preventing a patent owner from recapturing, through the doctrine of equivalents, subject matter surrendered during patent prosecution.
Prosecution of Donald Trump in New York
New York criminal case (People v. Trump) charging Donald Trump with 34 felony counts of falsifying business records over 2016 hush-money payments; first felony conviction of a former US president, May 2024, unconditional discharge January 2025, on appeal.
Prosecution of James Comey
Federal prosecution of former FBI director James Comey, indicted September 25, 2025 in the Eastern District of Virginia for false statements and obstruction over 2020 congressional testimony; dismissed November 24, 2025 after Judge Currie ruled prosecutor Lindsey Halligan was unlawfully appointed, with the Fourth Circuit appeal pending.
Prosecution of Letitia James
Prosecution of Letitia James: October 2025 federal mortgage-fraud indictment (bank fraud, false statements) of New York's attorney general, brought by Lindsey Halligan after a Pulte referral; dismissed November 24, 2025 as unlawfully appointed; re-indictments failed.
Prosecution of Nicolás Maduro and Cilia Flores
US federal prosecution of Nicolás Maduro and Cilia Flores in SDNY (S2 11 Cr. 205) on narcoterrorism, cocaine importation, weapons, and 2026 torture-conspiracy charges after their January 2026 capture in Caracas; trial set June 14, 2027.
Prosecution of S. Iswaran
Prosecution of S. Iswaran: Singapore case in which former Transport Minister S Iswaran was charged in 2024 with corruption and gift-receiving offences, pleaded guilty to five charges, and was sentenced to 12 months' jail.
Prosecutor
A prosecutor is a lawyer who initiates prosecution of criminal offenses and presents the case for prosecution, often titled district attorney in the United States.
Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court
The Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court is the elected head of the Office of the Prosecutor, serving a non-renewable nine-year term under the Rome Statute.
Prosper family murders
Prosper family murders: Nicholas Prosper, 18, killed his mother Juliana Falcon and siblings Kyle and Giselle in Luton on 13 September 2024, then planned a St Joseph's Primary School shooting; jailed minimum 49 years.