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Treaty Principles Bill
The Treaty Principles Bill (Principles of the Treaty of Waitangi Bill), an ACT Party bill introduced November 2024, would have defined Treaty principles in statute; it drew over 307,000 submissions and was defeated 112–11 at second reading on 10 April 2025.
Treaty revision
Treaty revision (条約改正, jōyaku kaisei) was the Meiji-era Japanese campaign to revise the unequal treaties, abolishing extraterritoriality by 1899 and restoring tariff autonomy by 1911.
Treaty rights
Treaty rights: rights of Indigenous peoples set out in historic (pre-1975) or modern treaties with the Crown, constitutionally protected in Canada by section 35 of the Constitution Act, 1982, and reinforced by the duty to consult and UNDRIP.
Treaty signature
Treaty signature is the act by which a state's authorized representative signs a treaty text, which can authenticate it, create interim obligations, or express consent to be bound.
Treaty terminology and naming conventions
Treaty terminology and naming conventions are the vocabulary international law uses for instruments such as treaties, conventions, agreements, and protocols, where legal status depends on intent, not title.
Tren de Aragua
Tren de Aragua (TdA), the Aragua Train, is a Venezuelan transnational criminal organization founded in Tocorón prison around 2012-2013 under Niño Guerrero, expanded via migrant smuggling into Colombia, Peru, and Chile, designated a US foreign terrorist organization in 2025, and fragmented after the 2023 prison raid.
Trent McCotter
Trent McCotter (Richard Trent McCotter), American appellate lawyer and DOJ official: Boyden Gray PLLC partner, former Deputy Associate Attorney General, acting deputy attorney general (2026), UNC law graduate.
Trespass
Trespass: unauthorized entry onto another's land or intentional interference with property or person. Covers civil torts (trespass to land, chattels, person), criminal trespass statutes, necessity defenses, and history from English writs.
Trespass in English law
Trespass in English law: the direct, unjustified interference with land protected as an actionable-per-se tort; covers entry, remaining, and objects placed on land, plus airspace limits, the historical action on the case, and criminal trespass statutes.
Trespass to land
Trespass to land (trespass quare clausum fregit) is the common-law tort of intentional, unauthorized physical entry onto land possessed by another, actionable per se with nominal damages, subject to consent and private-necessity defenses.
Trespasser
Trespasser: a person who enters or remains on another's property without permission or legal authority. Trespass to land (trespass quare clausum fregit) is an intentional tort actionable without damage, sometimes a crime, with defenses of necessity and consent.
Trevor Milton
Trevor Milton, founder and former CEO of Nikola Corporation, the hydrogen and electric truck maker, was convicted of securities and wire fraud in 2022 for false claims about the Nikola One truck, hydrogen production, and the Badger pickup, sentenced to four years, pardoned by Trump in 2025.
Trevor N. McFadden
Trevor N. McFadden, U.S. district judge for the District of Columbia appointed by Donald Trump in 2017; former DOJ Criminal Division deputy, Baker & McKenzie partner, and co-author on Supreme Court emergency-stay precedent.
Triad (organized crime)
Triad (organized crime) is a Chinese organized crime society linked to secret brotherhood societies founded in Fujian in 1761 or 1762, derived from the Tiandihui.
Trial
Trial: a court proceeding where facts are presented to a judge or jury to decide a civil or criminal matter. Also called court trial; contrasts adversarial versus inquisitorial systems, jury versus bench trial, and remote hearings.
Trial and conviction of Charles Flores
Charles Flores, a Texas death row inmate, was convicted of capital murder in 1999 based primarily on a hypnotically assisted identification made 13 months after the crime.
Trial and execution of José Rizal
Trial and execution of José Rizal: the December 26, 1896 court-martial and December 30, 1896 firing-squad death at Bagumbayan of the Filipino reformer, convicted of illegal association and inciting rebellion, with the contested retraction and Rizal Day legacy.
Trial and execution of Nicolae and Elena Ceaușescu
Trial and execution of Nicolae and Elena Ceaușescu: the 25 December 1989 one-hour Extraordinary Military Tribunal at Târgoviște, death sentence for genocide and other charges, same-day firing-squad execution, and its contested legacy.
Trial and sentencing of Robert H. Richards IV
Trial and sentencing of Robert H. Richards IV: 2008-2009 Delaware case in which the du Pont heir pleaded guilty to fourth-degree rape of his three-year-old daughter and received a suspended eight-year sentence served as probation, which became public controversy in 2014.
Trial by combat
Trial by combat (wager of battle, judicial duel): a medieval legal procedure deciding guilt or right by armed fight between parties or champions. Introduced to England by the Normans in 1066; abolished there in 1819 after Ashford v Thornton.
Trial by ordeal
Trial by ordeal: medieval judicial procedure (judicium Dei) deciding guilt by fire, water, or combat tests; Germanic in origin, church-administered, abolished by the Fourth Lateran Council in 1215, replaced by jury trial in England.
Trial for the 2022–2023 Brazilian coup plot
Trial for the 2022–2023 Brazilian coup plot (AP 2668): Supreme Federal Court prosecution of Jair Bolsonaro and co-defendants; 4–1 conviction on 11 September 2025, 27-year-3-month sentence, Fux dissent, five nuclei of defendants.
Trial in absentia
Trial in absentia is a criminal proceeding held without the defendant, common in civil law systems. Safeguards include notice, counsel, and retrial; the ICC allows only in absentia charge confirmation, first used in the 2025 Kony case.
Trial of Alex Murdaugh
Trial of Alex Murdaugh: 2023 Walterboro, South Carolina double-murder trial for the killings of Maggie and Paul Murdaugh; convictions on kennel-video and cellphone evidence, two life sentences, reversed May 2026 with retrial set for 2027.
Trial of Arne Cheyenne Johnson
Trial of Arne Cheyenne Johnson, the 1981 Connecticut "Devil Made Me Do It" murder trial, the only U.S. murder case where demonic possession was proposed as a defense; Judge Robert Callahan barred it, and Johnson was convicted of manslaughter.
Trial of Bill Cosby
Trial of Bill Cosby: the Pennsylvania criminal prosecution of William H. Cosby Jr. for the aggravated indecent assault of Andrea Constand, covering the 2017 mistrial, 2018 retrial conviction and 3-to-10-year sentence, and the 2021 vacatur barring retrial.
Trial of Clay Shaw
The 1969 New Orleans trial of businessman Clay Shaw, charged by DA Jim Garrison with conspiring to assassinate President Kennedy; the only such trial ever held, ending in acquittal after 55 minutes of jury deliberation.
Trial of Daniel Sickles
The 1859 Washington, D.C. murder trial of Congressman Daniel Sickles for killing Philip Barton Key, his wife's lover; first successful temporary-insanity acquittal in U.S. history.
Trial of George Zimmerman
The 2013 Florida second-degree murder trial of George Zimmerman for shooting Trayvon Martin; six-woman jury acquitted him July 13, 2013 after a self-defense case; racially divided reaction and later DOJ closure.
Trial of Hissène Habré
The trial of Hissène Habré was the prosecution of Chad's former president before the Extraordinary African Chambers in Senegal, ending in conviction and life imprisonment in 2016.