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Catherine Hanaway
Catherine Hanaway is an American Republican politician and Missouri's 45th Attorney General since 2025, the first woman in the office, previously U.S. Attorney for the Eastern District of Missouri.
Catherine Henry
Catherine Henry, born 1969, is an American jurist serving as a United States district judge in Pennsylvania since 2024, after 28 years as a public defender.
Catherine Share
Catherine "Gypsy" Share, born 1942 in Paris, is a former Manson Family member who served as Manson's chief recruiter, was convicted in the 1970 Barbara Hoyt witness-intimidation plot and the 1971 Hawthorne gun-store robbery, later became a born-again Christian and cult-awareness advocate.
Catherine Smith, Baroness Smith of Cluny
Catherine Smith, Baroness Smith of Cluny KC, is a Scottish advocate and Labour life peer serving as HM Advocate General for Scotland since August 2024; formerly a part-time Sheriff, Standing Junior Counsel, and co-founder of the John Smith Centre.
Catherine Stubblefield Wilson
Catherine Stubblefield Wilson (born 1939), the 'kiddie porn queen,' ran America's largest mail-order child pornography ring from Hancock Park, Los Angeles, and received federal and state prison sentences in 1984.
Catholic Church and capital punishment
Catholic Church and capital punishment: the Church moved from historical acceptance of executions to the 2018 Catechism revision (CCC 2267) declaring the death penalty inadmissible and working for worldwide abolition.
Cathy A. Bencivengo
Cathy A. Bencivengo, born Cathy Ann Bencivengo in 1958, is an American jurist serving as a United States district judge for the Southern District of California since 2012.
Cathy Bissoon
Cathy Bissoon (born 1968) is an American jurist serving as a United States district judge for the Western District of Pennsylvania since 2011, appointed by President Barack Obama.
Cathy Seibel
Cathy Seibel, born 1960, is a United States district judge for the Southern District of New York, appointed by George W. Bush in 2008 after serving as a federal prosecutor.
Cathy Smith
Cathy Smith (Catherine Evelyn Smith, 1947-2020), Canadian backup singer linked to Gordon Lightfoot, pleaded no contest to involuntary manslaughter in John Belushi's 1982 speedball death and served fifteen months.
Causation (law)
Causation (law): the two-tier doctrine of factual (but-for) and legal/proximate causation in tort and criminal law, covering superseding causes, novus actus interveniens, R v Hughes, and civil-law condition and adequacy theories.
Cause célèbre
Cause célèbre (plural causes célèbres, French for "famous case"): a legal case or controversy attracting great public attention, from the Dreyfus Affair to modern celebrity and trial-by-media cases.
Causes of sexual violence
Causes of sexual violence: interacting individual, relationship, community, and societal risk factors, with gender inequality as the WHO-identified root cause; alcohol, childhood abuse, hostile norms, and weak sanctions are leading contributors.
Caveat emptor
Caveat emptor, Latin for "let the buyer beware", is the common law doctrine placing inspection risk on buyers; its counterpart caveat venditor places it on sellers, and modern warranty and consumer law has heavily qualified the old maxim.
Cearbhall Ó Dálaigh
Cearbhall Ó Dálaigh (1911–1978), Irish barrister, Attorney General, Chief Justice 1961–73, ECJ judge, and fifth President of Ireland 1974–76; first Irish president to resign, after Defence Minister Donegan's 'thundering disgrace' remark in October 1976.
Cease and desist
Cease and desist: a formal written demand to stop alleged unlawful conduct, as a private letter (non-binding notice, usually attorney-written) or a binding government or court order.
Cecil Jacobson
Cecil B. Jacobson, Jr., Virginia fertility doctor and former George Washington University geneticist, convicted in 1992 on 52 fraud and perjury counts for using his own sperm in patient inseminations and inducing false pregnancies with HCG at his Reproductive Genetics Center clinic.
Cecilia M. Altonaga
Cecilia M. Altonaga is an American jurist serving as a United States district judge in the Southern District of Florida since 2003, appointed by President George W. Bush.
Celeste Beard
Celeste Beard Johnson (born 1963) is an American convicted of Texas capital murder in 2003 for orchestrating the 1999 shotgun shooting of her fourth husband, Austin millionaire Steven Beard, by her lover Tracey Tarlton; life sentence, parole eligible 2042.
Cell phone murders
The cell phone murders were a quadruple homicide committed in Huntsville, Alabama, in 1996, sparked by the alleged theft of a cellular telephone from one of the victims.
Cellular Jail
Cellular Jail (Kala Pani), a 1896–1906 British panopticon prison in Sri Vijaya Puram, Andaman Islands, held Indian political prisoners in solitary cells; now a National Memorial on UNESCO's Tentative List, not a World Heritage Site.
Central Administrative Tribunal
The Central Administrative Tribunal (CAT) is an Indian tribunal established in 1985 under Article 323A of the Constitution to adjudicate recruitment and service disputes of Union government employees.
Central American Court of Justice
The Central American Court of Justice (Corte Centroamericana de Justicia, CCJ) is the permanent judicial organ of the Central American Integration System, seated in Managua, Nicaragua.
Central American Integration System
The Central American Integration System (Sistema de la Integración Centroamericana, SICA) is Central America's regional integration framework, created in 1991 by the Tegucigalpa Protocol and based in San Salvador.
Central California Women's Facility
Central California Women's Facility (CCWF) is California's largest women's state prison, opened 1990 in Chowchilla, Madera County, housing all security levels on 640 acres. Distinguished from CIW in Chino by size and by the August 2026 DOJ finding of constitutional violations over staff sexual abuse.
Central Park jogger case
The Central Park jogger case, also called the Central Park Five or Exonerated Five case, was the 1989 rape of Trisha Meili and the wrongful conviction of five teenagers on false confessions, vacated in 2002 after Matias Reyes confessed and DNA matched.
Central Waqf Council
Central Waqf Council: Indian statutory advisory body under the Ministry of Minority Affairs, set up 1964 under the Waqf Act; chaired by the Union Minority Affairs Minister; advises on Waqf Boards and runs waqf development schemes.
Century of humiliation
Century of Humiliation (百年国耻, bainian guochi), Chinese national narrative covering 1839-1949, from the First Opium War to the PRC's founding, marked by unequal treaties, extraterritoriality, and treaty ports; revived after 1989 and central to CCP legitimacy.
Cert pool
The cert pool is a voluntary Supreme Court arrangement, proposed by Justice Lewis Powell in the early 1970s, in which participating chambers share screening of about 7,000 certiorari petitions; one clerk writes a pool memo with a grant recommendation. Seven justices participate; Alito and Gorsuch opt out.
Certificate of origin
A certificate of origin is an international trade document certifying the country where goods in an export shipment were produced or substantially transformed, determining tariff preferences and quotas.