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Children Act 1989
The Children Act 1989 is the principal statute on children in England and Wales, combining private law disputes between parents with the state's public-law powers to protect children.
Children Act 2004
Children Act 2004 (2004 c. 31), UK statute of 15 November 2004 providing the legal backbone of Every Child Matters: section 11 safeguarding duty, Local Safeguarding Children Boards, Children's Commissioner for England, and Welsh children's services provisions.
Children and Family Relationships Act 2015
The Children and Family Relationships Act 2015 (No. 9 of 2015) is Irish legislation reforming guardianship, custody, access, and, uniquely, assigning legal parentage for donor-assisted human reproduction, establishing the National Donor-Conceived Person Register and banning anonymous donation from 4 May 2020.
Children's rights
Children's rights: human rights of people under majority age, framed by the 1924 Geneva Declaration and the 1989 UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, monitored by the 18-member UN Committee on the Rights of the Child.
Childs Play (website)
Childs Play (also Child's Play) was a darknet child sexual abuse forum on Tor, active April 2016 to September 2017, founded by Canadian Benjamin Faulkner and covertly run by Australia's Task Force Argos for 11 months before shutdown.
Chilean Civil Code
The Chilean Civil Code, drafted principally by Andrés Bello, was approved 14 December 1855 under Manuel Montt and effective 1 January 1857; it remains in force and shaped civil codes across Latin America and beyond.
Chiles v. Salazar
Chiles v. Salazar, 607 U.S. 627 (2026), is a Supreme Court First Amendment case holding 8–1 that Colorado's 2019 Minor Conversion Therapy Law, as applied to counselor Kaley Chiles's talk therapy, is viewpoint-based speech regulation subject to strict scrutiny, reversing the Tenth Circuit.
Chilling effect
Chilling effect: legal doctrine describing deterrence of lawful speech by threatened sanction or litigation, from US First Amendment cases (Laird v. Tatum) to defamation law, SLAPPs, and the EU anti-SLAPP Directive 2024/1069.
China and the United Nations
China and the United Nations: original 1945 member and permanent Security Council member, represented by the Republic of China until General Assembly resolution 2758 seated the People's Republic of China on 25 October 1971.
China P. Arnold
China P. Arnold, also known as China Arnold, is an American woman from Dayton, Ohio, convicted of killing her newborn daughter in a microwave oven in 2005.
China–Korea Treaty of 1882
China–Korea Treaty of 1882, the Regulations for Maritime and Overland Trade between Chinese and Korean Subjects (中朝商民水陸貿易章程), signed at Tianjin on 1 October 1882 by Li Hongzhang and Korean envoys; an unequal commercial treaty declaring Korea a Qing tributary, superseded in 1894 and replaced by the equal 1899 treaty.
China–North Korea border
China–North Korea border: 1,334 km boundary along the Yalu and Tumen rivers and Mount Paektu, defined by the 1962 Pyongyang treaty and 1964 protocol, jointly managed rivers, unsettled Yellow Sea maritime boundary.
Chinatown (1974 film)
Chinatown (1974) is a Paramount neo-noir directed by Roman Polanski, written by Robert Towne, starring Jack Nicholson, Faye Dunaway, and John Huston in a 1937 Los Angeles water-corruption mystery; it won one of 11 Oscar nominations.
Chinese contract law
Chinese contract law is codified in Book III of China's Civil Code, effective 2021, replacing the 1999 Contract Law; its 29 chapters cover general provisions, 18 typical contracts, and quasi-contracts.
Chinese Journal of International Law
Chinese Journal of International Law (《中国国际法论刊》, Chinese JIL), a peer-reviewed English quarterly founded in 2002, published by Oxford University Press since 2005, SSCI-indexed, focused on China and Asia.
Chinese law
Chinese law: the socialist, civil-law-based legal system of the PRC, headed by the 1982 Constitution, with NPC statutes, State Council regulations, a four-level court system, the 2020 Civil Code, and state-owned land with use rights.
Chinese property law
Chinese property law governs ownership in the PRC: no private land ownership exists, land is state or collective owned, private parties hold land-use rights under the 2007 Property Rights Law, now in the 2021 Civil Code.
Chinese wall
Chinese wall, or information barrier/ethical wall: an arrangement in financial firms that withholds information between departments to prevent insider trading and conflicts of interest; mandated by US Exchange Act Section 15(g) and UK FCA SYSC 10.2, but criticized and empirically shown to leak information.
Chinese water torture
Chinese water torture: a legendary method of dripping water on a restrained victim's forehead; not Chinese in origin, known mainly through Houdini's 1912 Water Torture Cell escape and the 1884 story The Compromiser.
Chiong murder case
Chiong murder case: 1997 kidnapping, rape, and murder of sisters Marijoy and Jacqueline Chiong in Cebu City, Philippines; seven men including Paco Larrañaga convicted, sentenced to death, case disputed.
Chip Skowron
Chip Skowron, also known as Joseph F. Skowron III, is an American former hedge fund manager and physician convicted of insider trading on Human Genome Sciences trial information.
Chisholm v. Georgia
Chisholm v. Georgia, 2 U.S. 419 (1793): Supreme Court case in which executor Alexander Chisholm sued Georgia over an unpaid Revolutionary War debt; the 4-1 Court allowed the suit, prompting the Eleventh Amendment.
Chittaranjan Das
Chittaranjan Das (Deshbandhu, 1870-1925), also known as C.R. Das, was a Calcutta barrister, poet, and nationalist leader who defended Aurobindo in the Alipore case, led the Swaraj Party with Motilal Nehru, and became Calcutta's first elected mayor.
Cho Doo-soon case
Cho Doo-soon case (조두순 사건): 2008 Ansan kidnapping and rape of an 8-year-old girl; 12-year sentence citing intoxication sparked outrage and the Cho Doo-soon Prevention Act; release in 2020 and later ankle-monitor violations.
Cho Hee-dae (조희대)
Cho Hee-dae (조희대, Jo Hee-de), born 1957 in Gyeongju, is the 17th Chief Justice of South Korea's Supreme Court since December 2023; former justice nicknamed 'Mr. Minority Opinion,' presided over the 2025 Lee Jae-myung election law remand.
Chohan family murders
Chohan family murders: the February 2003 killing of Amarjit Chohan, his wife Nancy, two infant sons, and Charanjit Kaur in west London by Kenneth Regan, William Horncy, and Peter Rees, who seized Ciba Freight for drug smuggling; whole life orders in 2005.
Choice of law
Choice of law in US contract disputes: which jurisdiction's substantive law governs, via clauses enforced under UCC 1-105(6) and Restatement (Second) § 187, the most-significant-relationship test, public-policy limits, and comparison with the Rome Convention.
Choice of law clause
Choice of law clause: also called governing law clause; contract provision selecting which jurisdiction's substantive law governs disputes; distinct from forum selection clauses; limited by mandatory rules, public policy, and weaker-party protections under Rome I, Restatement §187, and the 2015 Hague Principles.
Choice of law in contracts (United States)
Choice of law in contracts is the body of rules US courts use to decide which state's law governs a dispute when states differ, since US contracts are governed by state law.
Choudhry Rahmat Ali (چوہدری رحمت علی)
Choudhry Rahmat Ali (چوہدری رحمت علی, 1897–1951) was a Punjabi Muslim activist who coined the name Pakistan in his 1933 pamphlet Now or Never and founded the Pakistan National Movement; he later proposed the Continent of Dinia and was marginalized in Pakistani historiography.