230 articles
Indigenous peoples of California
Indigenous peoples of California: 60+ tribes speaking 78-90 languages, pre-contact population about 300,000-310,000, decline to 15,377 by 1900, and 109 federally recognized tribes today.
Indigenous peoples of Cuba
Indigenous peoples of Cuba: pre-contact Taíno and Ciboney (Guanahatabey) societies of South American origin, their demographic collapse under Spanish conquest, surviving eastern Cuban descendant communities, and the genetic legacy (33% Native American maternal lineages, about 4% genome-wide ancestry) persisting in today's Cubans.
Indigenous peoples of Mexico
Indigenous peoples of Mexico (pueblos indígenas de México), self-identified descendants of pre-Columbian inhabitants, over 23 million people (about 20% of Mexico), speaking 364 language variants in 11 families; Nahuatl largest; rights shaped by ILO 169, the 2001 amendment, and the 2024 Article 2 reform.
Indigenous peoples of New York (state)
Indigenous peoples of New York State: nine federally or state-recognized nations including the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) and Long Island's Shinnecock and Unkechaug; about 400,000 residents of Native heritage, ongoing land claims, and state consultation frameworks.
Indigenous peoples of Siberia
Indigenous peoples of Siberia: 47 legally recognized small-numbered groups under 50,000 each, about 316,000 people by the 2010 census, living by reindeer herding, fishing, hunting, and gathering across the Russian North, Siberia, and Far East.
Indigenous peoples of the Americas
The Indigenous peoples of the Americas, also known as Amerindians, descend from the peoples who inhabited the Americas before European contact; hundreds of distinct ethnic groups survive today.
Indigenous peoples of the Great Basin
Indigenous peoples of the Great Basin: Western Shoshone (Newe), Goshute, Ute, Paiute (Numu, Nuwu), and Washoe (Wašiw) nations of the arid US interior; Numic speakers except Washoe, over 13,000 years of occupation, foraging lifeways, and ongoing water and sovereignty struggles.
Indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast
Indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast, also called Northwest Coast First Nations (Tlingit, Haida, Tsimshian, Kwakwaka'wakw, Coast Salish and others), are the Native nations of the Alaskan-to-northern-California coast, marked by salmon economies, stratified kin-groups, the potlatch, monumental carving, and treaty fishing rights.
Indigenous peoples of the Philippines
Indigenous peoples of the Philippines, also known as Indigenous Philippine tribes, are culturally distinct communities. They are recognized by the 1997 Indigenous Peoples' Rights Act.
Inuit
Inuit: the Indigenous Arctic people of Alaska, Canada, and Greenland (Inuk singular; Inuvialuit 'the real people'). Constitutionally recognized in Canada; 70,545 in Canada (2021) across Inuit Nunangat's four regions, with five modern treaties and the Inuktut language.
Inuit culture
Inuit culture: culture of the Inuit, an Indigenous Arctic people across Russia, Alaska, Canada, and Greenland, descended from the Thule, with Inuktut language, sharing practices, four Canadian regions (Inuit Nunangat), land claims, and climate pressures.
Iñupiat
The Iñupiat are Inuit people of northwest and northern Alaska speaking Iñupiaq (four dialects; about 13,500 people, 3,000 speakers), with over 2,000 years of bowhead whaling and post-1971 ANCSA institutions.
Inuvialuit
Inuvialuit, Inuit of Canada's western Arctic, settled the 1984 Inuvialuit Final Agreement, the first modern treaty north of 60 degrees; self-government talks since 1996 remain unconcluded.
Iroquois
The Iroquois, or Haudenosaunee Confederacy (People of the Longhouse), is a Native American confederation of the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, Seneca, and, from 1722, Tuscarora nations, governed under the Great Law of Peace by a Grand Council of 50 sachems chosen by clan mothers.
Iwi
Iwi are the largest descent-based groups in Māori society, made up of hapū and whānau, tracing descent from founding ancestors or waka. Parties to the Treaty of Waitangi, iwi today hold Treaty settlements, fisheries and investment assets, and statutory roles in planning and health.
Jarawas (Andaman Islands)
Jarawas (Ang), an Indigenous Andamanese hunter-gatherer people of South and Middle Andaman's western coasts, India; a PVTG of about 341 people with a 1,028 sq km tribal reserve under the 1956 PAT Regulation and 2004 Jarawa policy.
John Smith (Chippewa Indian)
John Smith, Ojibwe name Ga-Be-Nah-Gewn-Wonce ('Wrinkled Meat'), was a Chippewa man of Cass Lake, Minnesota, a photographed celebrity reputed to be 137 when he died February 6, 1922; the age is undocumented and disputed.
Joseph Brant
Joseph Brant (Thayendanegea, c. 1742/43–1807), Mohawk Wolf Clan war chief, interpreter, and translator, allied with the British in the American Revolution, visited London in 1775–76, and resettled the Six Nations on the Grand River grant of 1784.
Kalapuya
Kalapuya: Indigenous people of Oregon's Willamette Valley, speakers of three Kalapuyan languages, signatories of the 1855 Willamette Valley Treaty, removed to Grand Ronde, now part of the Confederated Tribes of Grand Ronde.
Kanak people
Kanak people: indigenous Melanesian people of New Caledonia (Kanaky), settled since about 4000 BCE, minority since 1958 (41% in 2019), with about thirty languages, customary civil status, and the FLNKS-led decolonization process under the Matignon and Nouméa accords.
Khoisan
Khoisan (Khoe-San) is the cover term for southern Africa's indigenous non-Bantu click-speaking peoples: San hunter-gatherers and Khoekhoe pastoralists, grouped into the Kx'a, Tuu, and Khoe-Kwadi language families, with deep genetic divergence and a history of colonial dispossession.
Kickapoo
The Kickapoo (Kiikaapoa, Kiikaapoi) are an Algonquian-speaking Native American people from the Great Lakes, now in Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, and Coahuila, Mexico, divided into bands after ten US treaties and known for retaining traditional culture.
Kiowa
Kiowa, a Southern Plains Native American tribe of Oklahoma and Texas, speaking a Tanoan-related language; allied with the Comanche around 1790, signed the 1867 Medicine Lodge Treaty, held its last Sun Dance in 1887.
Klamath people
Klamath people of southern Oregon; the Klamath Tribes (Klamath, Modoc, Yahooskin-Paiute), Treaty of 1864, 1954 termination, 1986 restoration, and Klamath River dam removal.
Kumeyaay
The Kumeyaay (Diegueño) are a Yuman-speaking Indigenous people of San Diego County, California and northern Baja California, organized in bands including Campo, Viejas, and Sycuan, with 13 US reservations, a language of 140 to 150 speakers, and territory split by the US-Mexico border since 1854.
Kutenai
Kutenai (Ktunaxa, Kootenai) are an Indigenous people of southeastern British Columbia, Idaho, and Montana, speaking a language isolate, with four Canadian First Nations, two US tribes, and no treaty yet secured.
Kwakwaka'wakw
The Kwakwaka'wakw, long known as the Kwakiutl, are Indigenous peoples of northern Vancouver Island and the mainland coast of British Columbia, centered on the potlatch, a ceremonial feast that served as their governance.
Lakota people
The Lakota are the westernmost division of the Sioux-speaking peoples and the largest of its three language groups, known for Sitting Bull, Crazy Horse, and Red Cloud.
Lenape
The Lenape, also called Lenni Lenape or the Delaware tribe, are an Indigenous people of the northeastern United States whose homeland became eastern Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Delaware.
List of sports team names and mascots derived from indigenous peoples
Sports team names and mascots derived from indigenous peoples: Native American-themed identities in US and Canadian sports, from Redskins and Indians to Chiefs and Blackhawks, their history, documented harms, and retirements.