2,407 articles
Peggy Caserta
Peggy Caserta (1940-2024), Haight-Ashbury boutique owner of Mnasidika, pioneer of Levi's bell-bottom jeans, and author of 'Going Down With Janis' (1973), the disavowed memoir of her relationship with Janis Joplin.
Pemon
The Pemon (Pemón) are a Carib-speaking indigenous people of southeastern Venezuela and adjacent Guyana and Brazil; their Gran Sabana heartland lies largely within Canaima National Park.
Pend d'Oreilles
Pend d'Oreilles (Ql̓ispé, Kalispel), Salish-speaking tribe of Flathead Lake, Clark Fork, and Pend Oreille rivers; French name from shell earrings; Hellgate Treaty 1855; now part of Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes.
Pennsylvania Dutch
Pennsylvania Dutch: German-speaking settlers in colonial Pennsylvania and their descendants, and their language, Pennsylvania German (pdc). Not Dutch; split into Plain sectarians (Amish, Mennonites) and church people, with 61,000 speakers in Pennsylvania.
People
People, or peoplehood, is the social-science concept for groups bound by shared descent, history, language, culture, or territory; also called ethnie, nation, or nationality. Distinguished from states and from mere populations by collective identity and claims such as self-determination.
Peoria people
Peoria people, or Peoria Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma, a confederated Algonquian tribe of Kaskaskia, Peoria, Piankeshaw, and Wea (Illini peoples) united in 1854, removed through Missouri and Kansas to Miami, Oklahoma; terminated 1950, restored 1972; Miami-Illinois language revival program.
Peranakan Chinese in Malacca
The Peranakan Chinese in Malacca, also called Straits Chinese, are a Sino-Malay community in Malaysia, descended from Fujian migrants and regarded as Malacca's founding Straits community.
Periyar
Periyar, born Erode Venkatappa Ramasamy, was an Indian social reformer and rationalist from Tamil Nadu who founded the Self-Respect Movement in 1925 and led the Dravidar Kazhagam.
Permanent residency
Permanent residency is an indefinite immigration status allowing noncitizens to live and work in a country without citizenship, known as the green card in the US, PR status in Canada, and indefinite leave to remain in the UK.
Persecution of Muslims during the Ottoman decline
Persecution of Muslims during the Ottoman decline: displacement, violence, and dispossession of Balkan, Crimean, and Caucasian Muslims as Ottoman rule retreated (1875–1923); the muhacir refugee migrations, Ottoman resettlement policies, and post-1878 'abandoned land' confiscations.
Persianate society
Persianate society: societies shaped by Persian language and culture from the Balkans to Bengal, 9th to 19th century; term coined by Marshall Hodgson in The Venture of Islam (1974).
Persians
Persians: Iranian people united by Persian (Farsi), an Indo-Iranian language; named after the Parsa who entered Persis about 1000 BCE. Predominant group in Iran, distinct from the broader Iranian identity, with a large Los Angeles diaspora.
Person of color
Person of color (POC): US collective term for anyone non-white, born twice: late-1700s 'free people of color' (gens de couleur), and post-1970s revival in Black and feminist activism; now standard style-guide vocabulary.
Peruvian immigration to Argentina
Peruvian immigration to Argentina is the movement of people from Peru to Argentina, a largely urban labor migration concentrated in Buenos Aires since the early 1990s.
Peruvian immigration to Spain
Peruvian immigration to Spain is the migration of people from Peru to Spain, one of Spain's largest Latin American communities, with 111,234 registered residents in 2021.
Peruvian immigration to the United States
Peruvian immigration to the United States is the movement of people from Peru to the United States, a community of roughly 710,000 by 2021 that grew rapidly after Peru's 1980s and 1990s crisis.
Peruvian immigration to Venezuela
Peruvian immigration to Venezuela was the movement of Peruvian workers and professionals there during the oil boom years of the 1950s to early 1980s, ending after the 1983 devaluation.
Peruvian migration to Japan
Peruvian migration to Japan is the movement of mostly Japanese-descended Peruvians, called dekasegi, who came to work in manufacturing after Japan's 1990 immigration reform created a residence status for people of Japanese ancestry.
Peruvians
Peruvians are the people of Peru, population 34,157,732 at the 2025 census, fourth most populous in South America. Mostly mestizo with large indigenous, Afro-Peruvian, and white minorities; 83% Spanish-speaking, concentrated on the coast and in Lima.
Peter Freuchen
Peter Freuchen (Lorentz Peter Elfred Freuchen, 1886-1957), Danish polar explorer, Thule trading-post manager and writer; co-founded Thule with Knud Rasmussen in 1910, joined the 1st and 5th Thule expeditions, lost a foot to frostbite in 1924, wrote novels and memoirs about Inuit life, made the Oscar-winning film Eskimo, and won The $64,000 Question in 1956.
Petite bourgeoisie
Petite bourgeoisie (petty bourgeoisie), French for "small bourgeoisie," is the lower middle class of small shopkeepers, artisans, and small-business owners; central to Marxist, Weberian, and Bourdieusian class theory.
Petun
The Petun, self-named Tionontati, were an Iroquoian-speaking people farming near Georgian Bay in Ontario from about 1580 to 1650, named the Tobacco Nation by the French.
Phi Kappa Theta (ΦΚΘ)
Phi Kappa Theta (ΦΚΘ) is an American social fraternity formed April 29, 1959 by merging Phi Kappa (Brown, 1889) and Theta Kappa Phi (Lehigh, 1919), once Catholic-only, motto "Give, Expecting Nothing Thereof."
Philippe de Rothschild
Baron Philippe de Rothschild (1902-1988), also known as Philippe Georges de Rothschild, ran Château Mouton Rothschild from 1922, introduced chateau bottling in 1924, created Mouton Cadet, and won Mouton's 1973 elevation to First Growth.
Phoebe Gates
Phoebe Gates, youngest daughter of Bill and Melinda French Gates, co-founded the AI shopping assistant Phia with Sophia Kianni in April 2025; it raised $35M at a $185M valuation, then faced 2026 cookie-stuffing and privacy controversies.
Pikey
Pikey (also pikie, pykie) is a British offensive slang term and racial slur for Gypsy, Roma and Traveller people, especially Irish Travellers, and for poor working-class people; probably from turnpike, dated to the second third of the 19th century.
Pine Ridge Indian Reservation
Pine Ridge Indian Reservation, home of the Oglala Sioux Tribe (Oglala Lakota), established 1889 in southwestern South Dakota and northwestern Nebraska; about 2.1 million acres, nine districts, Wounded Knee site, largest IHS service unit in the Great Plains Area.
Pinoy
Pinoy: informal word for a Filipino, from Tagalog (Fili)pino plus diminutive -y, first recorded 1920-25; widely used in the Filipino diaspora, alongside Pinay and Filipinx.
Pioneer Fund
Pioneer Fund is a US seed-stage venture capital firm founded in 2017 by Jason Gray, funded by 540+ Y Combinator alumni and investing mainly in YC startups; distinct from the 1928 Carret mutual fund, the 1937 eugenics foundation, and the Pioneer.app accelerator.
Pippa Middleton
Pippa Middleton (Philippa Charlotte Middleton, born 1983) is a British writer and sister of Catherine, Princess of Wales; maid of honor at the 2011 royal wedding, author of Celebrate, wife of James Matthews since 2017.