2,407 articles
Pirahã people
Pirahã people (Hiaitsiihi), a Mura-family indigenous people of the Maici and Marmelos rivers, Amazonas, Brazil, several hundred strong; famous for Daniel Everett's contested claims of a language without numbers, color terms, or recursion.
Plains Indians
Plains Indians: over 30 Indigenous nations of the North American Great Plains, also called Plains tribes, spanning the Mississippi River to the Great Basin; horse-mounted bison hunters and settled farmers, later reservation communities restoring bison herds.
Plast
Plast (Пласт), formally the Plast National Scout Organization of Ukraine, is a scouting organization founded in Lviv in 1911, banned in Soviet Ukraine in 1924, and re-established there in 1991.
Playboy Club
Playboy Club: members-only nightclub chain launched in Chicago on February 29, 1960 by Hugh Hefner and Victor Lownes, keyed admission, Bunny waitresses, over 30 clubs at peak, last original club closed 1991.
Plenty Coups
Plenty Coups (Alaxchiiaahush, "many achievements"), 1848–1932, last traditional chief of the Crow (Apsáalooke) Nation; Crow ally of the U.S. Army, defender of reservation land, and 1921 Tomb of the Unknown Soldier representative.
Pocahontas
Pocahontas, also Matoaka or Rebecca (c. 1596–1617), daughter of the Powhatan paramount chief, married John Rolfe in 1614; the famous John Smith rescue story is doubted by most historians.
Poles in the United Kingdom
Poles in the United Kingdom, also known as Polish Britons, form one of the UK's largest foreign-born communities, numbering 743,000 Poland-born residents at the 2021 census.
Polish Americans
Polish Americans (Polonia) are US residents of Polish descent, 9.5 million in the 2010 Census and the eighth largest ethnic group, shaped by late-19th-century mass immigration, fraternal institutions, Chicago as a cultural center, and October heritage month.
Polish and Ukrainian settlement of Paraná
The Polish and Ukrainian settlement of Paraná was the organized placement of immigrants from partitioned Poland and Galicia in rural Brazilian colonies, beginning in 1871 and centered on Curitiba and Prudentópolis.
Polish diaspora
Polish diaspora (Polonia): the nearly 20 million Polish citizens, people of Polish origin, and descendants living outside Poland, largest in the US and Germany; shaped by the 1870–1914 Great Migration, interwar and wartime waves, and post-2004 EU-accession emigration, now partly returning.
Polish Haitians
Polish Haitians are descendants of Polish legionnaires Napoleon sent to Saint-Domingue (Haiti) in 1802–1803; about 400 defected or stayed, received Haitian citizenship under the 1805 constitution, and their main community is Cazale (La Pologne) near Port-au-Prince.
Polish people
Polish people (Polacy): the nation and ethnic group of Poland, defined by self-declared nationality; 98.8% of residents declared Polish in the 2021 census, with a diaspora once estimated at up to 12 million.
Polish population transfers (1944–1946)
The Polish population transfers of 1944–1946 were reciprocal forced migrations moving Poles from the Soviet-annexed eastern territories into postwar Poland while Ukrainians and Belarusians were moved out.
Polish Scouting and Guiding Association
The Polish Scouting and Guiding Association (Polish: Związek Harcerstwa Polskiego, ZHP) is Poland's largest scouting and guiding organization, a co-educational youth movement founded in 1918.
Pollera women
Pollera women are Panamanian wearers and makers of the pollera, the national female dress whose name comes from 17th-century Spanish dress, with variants like the gala santeña; distinct from Bolivia's cholita pollera skirt.
Polynesians
Polynesians are the indigenous peoples of Polynesia, including Hawaiians, Samoans, Tongans, Tahitians, Marquesans, and Māori, speaking Austronesian languages. They settled the Pacific from Lapita-era West Polynesia, reaching New Zealand in a 14th-century mass migration, and are famed for non-instrument wayfinding.
Pomaks (Помаци)
Pomaks (Помаци): Slavic-speaking Muslim community of the Rhodope Mountains, living in Bulgaria, Greece, Turkey, Albania, and North Macedonia, speaking Bulgarian dialects; gradually Islamized under Ottoman rule, contested origin narratives, endangered Pomak language with no standard.
Pontic Greeks
Pontic Greeks (Πόντιοι, Pontioi) are Greeks from the Black Sea coast of Anatolia (Pontus), with roots from the Kingdom of Pontus and Empire of Trabzon to the 1923 expulsion, a distinct dialect and culture, and a Soviet diaspora whose members re-embraced Pontic identity after migrating to Greece.
Poorhouse
Poorhouse (workhouse, almshouse) is a tax-funded public institution housing the destitute old, sick, and disabled. Distinguished by indoor relief, English parish workhouses under the 1601-1834 Old Poor Law, the 1834 union workhouses, and American county poorhouses.
Population ageing
Population ageing: rising share of older people in an age structure after the demographic dividend, driven mainly by falling fertility and longer lives; measured by 65+ share and old-age dependency ratios, with UN WPP 2024 projections.
Population decline
Population decline: sustained fall in a country's or region's inhabitants. 63 countries including China, Japan, and Germany have peaked; UN projects global peak of 10.3 billion in the mid-2080s, then decline.
Population density
Population density is the number of people per unit of area, also measured as agricultural or physiological density. Key figures include a Vancouver health threshold near 9,400 per km² and density elasticities of wages and rents.
Population exchange between Poland and Soviet Ukraine
The population exchange between Poland and Soviet Ukraine was a state-organized transfer agreed on 9 September 1944, moving Ukrainians from Poland and Poles from Ukraine.
Population of Canada
Population of Canada: 41,798,407 estimated by Statistics Canada on July 1, 2026; grew 189,425 (+0.5%) year over year, the slowest since 1944/1945, driven almost entirely by international migration.
Population of Canada by province and territory
Canada's ten provinces and three territories held an estimated 41,798,407 people on July 1, 2026, up 0.46%, the slowest growth since 1946. Ontario holds 38.9% of the total.
Population projection
Population projection is a demographic method that estimates the future size and age-sex composition of a population by applying assumptions about fertility, mortality, and migration.
Population pyramid
Population pyramid: a paired bar chart of a population by age and sex, males left, females right. Also called age-sex pyramid. Types: expansive, stationary, constrictive; shapes record famines, wars, and baby booms.
Population transfer in the Soviet Union
Population transfer in the Soviet Union: state-organized forced deportations of class and ethnic groups, 1919–1953, via OGPU/NKVD special settlements; dekulakization, Korean and wartime ethnic deportations, Baltic Operation Priboi.
Portuguese exodus from Mozambique
The Portuguese exodus from Mozambique was the mass departure of Portuguese settlers after the 1974 Carnation Revolution and the Lusaka Accord, with independence on 25 June 1975.
Portuguese migration to Guyana and Trinidad
Portuguese migration to Guyana and Trinidad brought about 40,000 laborers, mostly from Madeira, to British Guiana and Trinidad between 1834 and 1975, after the abolition of slavery.