2,407 articles
Public holidays in Russia
Public holidays in Russia, also called Russian holidays, are the 14 non-working dates established by Article 112 of the Labor Code, including Orthodox Christmas, Victory Day, and Russia Day.
Public holidays in South Africa
Public holidays in South Africa: the 12 paid holidays fixed by the Public Holidays Act 36 of 1994, effective 1 January 1995, including Human Rights Day, Freedom Day, Youth Day, and Day of Reconciliation, with a Monday-after-Sunday rule.
Public housing
Public housing: the US federal low-rent housing program created by the 1937 Housing Act, locally run by public housing authorities under HUD, with about 1.2 million units, 30%-of-income rents, and no new development since 1998.
Puerto Rican migration to the United States
The movement of Puerto Ricans to the U.S. mainland, which began after 1898 and, because Puerto Ricans have been U.S. citizens since 1917, is internal migration rather than immigration.
Puerto Ricans
Puerto Ricans (puertorriqueños, boricuas) are the people of Puerto Rico, a U.S. territory since 1898, and their diaspora; U.S. citizens since 1917, over 6 million now live in the states, chiefly New York, after the post-1945 Great Migration.
Punjabis (ਪੰਜਾਬੀ)
Punjabis (ਪੰਜਾਬੀ) are the ethnolinguistic people of the Punjab region of India and Pakistan, speaking Punjabi in Gurmukhi and Shahmukhi scripts, following Islam, Sikhism, and Hinduism, and reshaped by the 1947 partition and a global diaspora.
Pygmy peoples
Pygmy peoples: generic term for short-statured Central African forest hunter-gatherer groups (Aka, Baka, Mbuti, Efe, Twa) across nine countries, trading with Bantu farmers; 250,000–920,000 people.
Qataris
Qataris are the citizen population of Qatar, an indigenous Arab minority of roughly 338,000 in mid-2020, only 11.3% of residents in 2023; Qatar does not publish full nationality breakdowns and runs a population policy addressing the imbalance.
Quadroon
Quadroon: dated, offensive English term for a person of one-quarter Black ancestry (one Black grandparent), offspring of a mulatto and a white parent; used in the 1890 US census and Louisiana law, from Spanish cuarterón.
Quapaw
The Quapaw, self-named Ogaxpa or Ugaxpa ("Downstream People"), are a Dhegiha Siouan Native American people of the Arkansas River and Mississippi confluence; the French named Arkansas after them.
Quechua people
Quechua people: diverse Andean indigenous populations whose maternal language is Quechua, centered in Peru (5,179,774 self-identified; 4,800 localities) and highland Bolivia; heirs of Inca-era civilizations, organized in ayllus and comunidades campesinas.
R/The Donald
r/The_Donald: pro-Donald Trump subreddit founded June 2015, quarantined 2019, restricted February 2020, and banned June 29, 2020 with about 2,000 subreddits under Reddit's hate-speech policy; its 790,000 users had largely migrated to thedonald.win.
Race (human categorization)
Race (human categorization): classification of humans by perceived physical traits; also called racial classification, now viewed as a social construct. Scientific consensus holds it is not a valid measure of human genetic variation, while remaining socially and legally consequential.
Race and ethnicity in Brazil
Race and ethnicity in Brazil: IBGE's five self-declared color/race categories (branca, preta, parda, amarela, indígena), the 2022 census showing pardos at 45.3% overtaking whites, measurement debates, and affirmative-action policy.
Race and ethnicity in New York City
Race and ethnicity in New York City describe the composition of the city's 8.8 million residents, among the most diverse in the United States, shaped above all by immigration.
Race and ethnicity in the United States
Race and ethnicity in the United States: how the Census Bureau classifies the population under OMB standards (White, Black, Asian, AIAN, NHPI, Hispanic), self-identification history since 1790, ACS composition, and the 2024 single-question revision with a MENA category.
Racial isolates in the United States
Racial isolates in the United States, also called triracial isolates or racial islands, are some 200 endogamous rural communities of mixed European, African, and Native American descent, including the Melungeons, Lumbee, Redbones, and Wesorts, studied by Beale and pressured by laws such as Virginia's Racial Integrity Act.
Racism in Asia
Racism in Asia covers caste-based discrimination against Dalits in South Asia, ethnic nationalism such as the Rohingya expulsion, state denial of racism in CERD reports from 16 countries, and anti-Asian hostility during COVID-19.
Racism in Israel
Racism in Israel covers discrimination against Arab/Palestinian citizens, Ethiopian-Israelis, and Palestinians under occupation, documented by state audits, the ICJ's 2024 systemic-discrimination finding, and incident statistics.
Rada Główna Opiekuńcza
Rada Główna Opiekuńcza (RGO, Central Welfare Council) was the largest Polish social self-help organization of World War I, aiding war victims in German-occupied Poland from 1916 to 1921.
Radhikaraje (રાધિકારાજે ગાયકવાડ)
Radhikaraje Gaekwad (રાધિકારાજે ગાયકવાડ), titular Maharani of Baroda, born princess of Wankaner, married Samarjitsinh Gaekwad in 2002; conserves Lukshmi Vilas Palace and revives Baroda's barodashalu textiles.
Rainbow Gathering
Rainbow Gathering: weeks-long noncommercial camps of the Rainbow Family of Living Light, a leaderless countercultural network begun in Oregon in 1970; first gathering Colorado 1972, consensus decisions, free food, European gatherings since 1983.
Rainforest Alliance
Rainforest Alliance: international nonprofit (founded 1986 by Daniel Katz) running the green-frog sustainable agriculture certification for coffee, cocoa, tea, and bananas in 60+ countries; merged with UTZ in 2018; standard v1.4 applies from October 2025.
Rajasthani people
The Rajasthani people, also known as Rajasthanis, are the inhabitants of Rajasthan in northwestern India, formed after independence from twenty-three Rajput princely states of former Rajputana.
Rajput
Rajput, member of a Hindu warrior-ruling caste of northern, western, and central India organized in patrilineal clans; rose 7th–12th centuries, allied with the Mughals under Akbar, and ruled Rajputana princely states into the modern era.
Rakhine people
Rakhine (Arakanese) people: Theravada Buddhist ethnic group of Rakhine State, western Myanmar, about 3 million strong (6.2% of population, 2014 census); heirs of the Arakanese kingdom conquered in 1784, distinct from the Muslim Rohingya minority.
Ramon Magsaysay Award
The Ramon Magsaysay Award, often called Asia's Nobel Prize, honors selfless service in Asia. It was created in 1957 in memory of the Philippine president.
Randall Gair Doherty
Randall Gair Doherty, also called Aleister Atatürk, Aleister Macalpine, and Count Charles Edward D'Arquires (1937–2002), was the son of occultist Aleister Crowley and Patricia Doherty; he claimed the title Adjudicator of the Supreme Council of Great Britain and sought a 1976 meeting with Harold Wilson.
Ranks in Scouts BSA
Ranks in Scouts BSA: the seven sequential ranks Scout, Tenderfoot, Second Class, First Class, Star, Life, and Eagle Scout of Scouting America's Scouts BSA program, covering requirements, boards of review, the Eagle project, and 2024 statistics.
Rapa Nui people
The Rapa Nui are the indigenous Polynesian people of Easter Island (Rapa Nui), Chile, settled from Eastern Polynesia around 1250 CE, annexed by Chile in 1888, decimated to 111 people by 1877, and now about 7,500 strong.