2,407 articles
Romani people in Romania
The Romani people in Romania, also called Romanian Roma, form the country's largest recognized national minority; the 2021 census counted 569,477, with real numbers estimated two to three times higher.
Romanian Americans
Romanian Americans, also called American Romanians (români americani), are US residents of Romanian ancestry or birth, numbering about 417,000 by 2020 Census ancestry reports, with major waves in 1895–1920 and after 1989.
Romanians
Romanians (români), Romance-speaking people of Romania and Moldova; Latin-derived language from Roman Dacia (conquered 106 CE), Orthodox faith, and contested Moldovan identity (76% Moldovan vs 2-3% Romanian, 2004 census).
Romanichal
Romanichal are a Romani subgroup native to the British Isles, especially England, also called Romany Gypsies or English Gypsies; first recorded in Britain in 1505, speaking Angloromani, and legally recognised as a racial group since 1988.
Rose Hawthorne Lathrop
Rose Hawthorne Lathrop (Mother Mary Alphonsa, 1851–1926), daughter of Nathaniel Hawthorne, founded the Servants of Relief for Incurable Cancer and Rosary Hill Home (1901), the first US hospice; declared Venerable in 2024.
Rosemary Pratt, Marchioness Camden
Rosemary Pratt, Marchioness Camden (Cecil Rosemary Pawle, 1921–2004), British socialite and artist, first wife of Group Captain Peter Townsend, later third wife of the 5th Marquess Camden.
Rotary International
Rotary International, founded 23 February 1905 in Chicago by Paul P. Harris, is the global association of about 45,000 Rotary service clubs. Known for Service Above Self and its US$2.9 billion polio eradication effort, it comprises clubs, Rotary International, and The Rotary Foundation.
Rowan Dean
Rowan Dean, Australian advertising executive and conservative commentator born in Canberra; Foster's Lager and Hamlet 'Photobooth' copywriter, Gruen panellist, Spectator Australia editor, Sky News Outsiders co-host.
Royal Antediluvian Order of Buffaloes
Royal Antediluvian Order of Buffaloes (RAOB, the Buffs): British male fraternal and charitable order founded 1822 at the Harp Tavern near Drury Lane by Joseph Lisle and W. Sinnett; named from the song "We'll chase the Buffalo", never royally chartered, with lodges across the Commonwealth.
Rufina Cambaceres
Rufina Eugenia Cambaceres (1883–1902), daughter of novelist Eugenio Cambaceres, died on her 19th birthday; her Recoleta art nouveau tomb anchors Buenos Aires's famous buried-alive legend, which documentary research rejects.
Ruling class
Ruling class: the dominant power-holding group in a society. Central to Marxist theory (class owning the means of production) and to Mosca's elite theory (Elementi di scienza politica, 1896, translated The Ruling Class 1939), opposed by Pareto's 'élite' term and critiqued by Dahl and Poulantzas.
Rum Arabs
Rum Arabs (Rūm, الروم): Arabic-speaking Greek Orthodox Christians of the Levant, descendants of Byzantine Romans; organized in the Ottoman Rum millet, split Orthodox/Melkite after 1724, centered in Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, and Antakya.
Rural flight
Rural flight, also called rural depopulation, is the sustained out-migration of young people from countryside to cities, leaving rural regions smaller and older; OECD data show 40% of remote rural regions shrinking and no single policy can halt it.
Rus' people
Rus' people: the medieval Scandinavian-origin traders and warriors (Rus', Old East Slavic русь) whose name came to cover the Rurikid dynasty, its lands, and the East Slavic population of Kievan Rus, claimed as ancestors by Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus.
Ruska Roma (Руска рома)
Ruska Roma (Руска рома), or Russian Roma, also called Xaladitka, are the largest and one of the oldest Romani groups in Russia; Orthodox, Russian-speaking externally, speaking the Ruska Romani dialect, and the source of most early Soviet Romani activists.
Russell M. Nelson
Russell M. Nelson (1924–2025), heart surgeon and 17th President of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (2018–2025); apostle from 1984; oldest-ever president; succeeded by Dallin H. Oaks.
Russian Americans
Russian Americans are U.S. residents of Russian ancestry or immigration from Russia and its predecessors, counted through ACS ancestry data; shaped by four immigration waves from the 1880s onward and concentrated in New York, California, Florida, and New Jersey.
Russian diaspora
Russian diaspora: Russians and Russian speakers abroad, spanning pre-1917, White, postwar, Soviet, and post-2022 emigration waves plus the post-Soviet near-abroad population, with wave sizes, destinations, and identity shifts.
Russian Mennonites
Russian Mennonites: descendants of Dutch-German Anabaptists who settled Chortitza (1789) and Molotschna (1804) in imperial Ukraine under Catherine II's Privilegium, later emigrating to the Americas; Plautdietsch-speaking, about 200,000 today.
Russian nobility
Russian nobility (dvoryanstvo, дворянство), the privileged legal estate of the Russian Empire; open to commoners via Peter I's Table of Ranks (1722); serf-owning until the 1861 emancipation; abolished with the Empire after 1917.
Russians
Russians (Russkiye) are an East Slavic people native to Russia, where they form the majority and the largest ethnic group, numbering over 105 million in the 2020 census.
Russians in Ukraine
Russians in Ukraine: the ethnic Russian minority and Russian-speaking population, 8.33 million (17.3%) at the 2001 census, concentrated in the east, south, and Crimea; shaped by imperial and Soviet migration, re-identification, and war since 2014.
Rusyns (Русины)
Rusyns (Русины), also Carpatho-Rusyns or Ruthenians, are an East Slavic people of the Carpathian Mountains in Ukraine, Slovakia, Poland, Romania, and Serbia, numbering about 1.2 million, never stateless-free, recognized as a minority everywhere except Ukraine.
Ruthenians
Ruthenians (Latin Rutheni, Ukrainian rusyny): historical name for East Slavs, later the Habsburg-era West Ukrainians, now the Carpathian Rusyns; 4.2 million in 1910, Greek Catholic, largely renamed Ukrainians after 1900.
Rwandan refugee camps in Zaire
The Rwandan refugee camps in Zaire were camps in eastern Zaire housing about one million Hutu refugees after the 1994 genocide, run by UNHCR from 1994 to 1996.
Sabra (צבר) (person)
Sabra (צבר, tzabar) denotes a Jewish person born in Israel, named after the prickly pear cactus. Once a pejorative from immigrants, it was reclaimed in 1931 and became the Zionist "New Jew" archetype.
Sacagawea
Sacagawea (also Sakakawea, Sacajawea), Lemhi Shoshone woman, c. 1788-1812, interpreter and diplomat on the Lewis and Clark Expedition 1805-1806; depicted on the US Sacagawea dollar.
Sahel displacement crisis
The Sahel displacement crisis is the large-scale forced displacement within and from the Sahel region of Africa, driven by armed conflict and compounded by climate shocks, food insecurity, and economic fragility.
Saini
Saini (सैनी/ਸੈਣੀ), a northern Indian community of Punjab and adjoining regions claiming Yaduvanshi Rajput (Shoorsaini/Surasena of Mathura) descent; OBC-listed in Haryana, Delhi, and Rajasthan; distinct from Mali-Saini groups elsewhere; Haryana CM Nayab Singh Saini is a prominent member.
Saint Thomas Christians
Saint Thomas Christians (Nasrani) are the ancient indigenous Christians of Kerala, India, tracing origin to Apostle Thomas (traditionally landed at Muziris, 52 CE), long tied to the East Syriac Church of the East, divided by the 1599 Synod of Diamper and the 1653 Coonan Cross Oath into Syro-Malabar, Malankara Orthodox, and other churches.