930 articles
Capitol Hill Occupied Protest
Capitol Hill Occupied Protest (CHOP), also CHAZ, was a six-block police-free protest zone in Seattle lasting 23 days in June 2020 after police abandoned the East Precinct amid George Floyd protests; it ended in a July 1 sweep after deadly shootings.
Car-free movement
Car-free movement: advocacy and policy to reduce or exclude private cars from urban streets. Includes World Carfree Day (22 September), Oslo's Livability Programme, Paris's traffic reduction, and measured air, traffic and retail effects.
Carlos Eduardo Espina
Carlos Eduardo Espina, Uruguayan-American immigration activist and Spanish-language TikTok creator with over 20 million followers; Vassar 2020, UNLV law 2024; founder of Migrantes Unidos; 2024 DNC speaker.
Carrie Best
Carrie Best (1903–2001) was a Black Canadian journalist and civil rights activist from New Glasgow, Nova Scotia, who co-founded The Clarion and publicized Viola Desmond's 1946 case.
Carrie Nation
Carrie Nation (Carry A. Nation, 1846–1911), American temperance activist known as the saloon smasher who attacked Kansas bars with a hatchet, was arrested 30 times, sold souvenir hatchets, and lectured until 1911.
Casa Pia de Lisboa
Casa Pia de Lisboa is a Portuguese public institute founded in Lisbon in 1780 by Diogo Inácio de Pina Manique to educate vulnerable children and young people.
Casting couch
Casting couch: the practice of demanding sexual favors in exchange for entertainment roles, a Hollywood-era term (printed by Variety by 1937) now applied worldwide, central to #MeToo and casting reforms.
Catafalque
Catafalque (Italian catafalco): raised, often draped platform on which a coffin or effigy rests during lying in state, or represents it in absence; includes the 1865 pine Lincoln catafalque and Westminster Hall's 2022 structure.
Cecile Richards
Cecile Richards (1957–2025), American political organizer and activist, president of Planned Parenthood Federation of America and Action Fund 2006–2018; daughter of Texas Governor Ann Richards; grew supporters from 3 to 11 million; later co-founded Supermajority; received the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2024.
Central Park birdwatching incident
Central Park birdwatching incident, also called the Amy Cooper or Central Park Karen case: May 25, 2020 confrontation in which Amy Cooper falsely told 911 that Black birdwatcher Christian Cooper was threatening her after he asked her to leash her dog; she was fired, charged, and the charge was later dismissed.
Chad Varah
Chad Varah (Edward Chad Varah, 1911–2007), Anglican priest and founder of the Samaritans, the 1953 London crisis telephone helpline for people considering suicide, pioneer of confidential volunteer befriening spread worldwide via Befrienders International.
Change.org
Change.org is an online petition platform where anyone can start and sign petitions for free, used by more than 500 million people and funded by member contributions.
Charlayne Hunter-Gault
Charlayne Hunter-Gault (born 1942) is an American journalist who desegregated the University of Georgia with Hamilton Holmes in 1961, then worked at the New York Times, The New Yorker, PBS NewsHour, NPR, and CNN, winning two Emmys and two Peabody Awards.
Charles Mzingeli
Charles Mzingeli (1905–1980) was a Zimbabwean labor activist and politician whose Reformed Industrial and Commercial Workers' Union dominated African urban politics in Salisbury, now Harare, from 1945 to the early 1950s.
Charlotte Laws
Charlotte Laws, American author and anti-revenge porn activist, 'Erin Brockovich of revenge porn'; fought Hunter Moore's isanyoneup.com after her daughter's hacked photo appeared there, and championed California SB 255.
Chelsea Manning
Chelsea Manning (born 1987), formerly Bradley Manning, is an American former Army intelligence analyst who leaked hundreds of thousands of classified documents to WikiLeaks in 2010, was sentenced to 35 years in 2013, and was released in 2017 after Obama commuted her sentence.
Cheryl Thomas
Cheryl Thomas is a Minneapolis human rights lawyer, founder of Global Rights for Women (2014) and former director of the Women's Human Rights Program at The Advocates for Human Rights; distinct from UCL jury scholar Cheryl Thomas.
Child marriage
Child marriage: formal or informal marriage or union involving someone under 18, also called early or forced marriage. About 650 million women and girls alive today were married as children; prevalence is 19 percent among women aged 20-24, highest in sub-Saharan Africa, and only 38 countries ban it without exceptions.
Child marriage in India
Child marriage in India: marriage below legal ages of 18 for women and 21 for men under the PCMA 2006. 23% of women 20–24 married before 18 (NFHS-5); India holds a third of world child brides; drivers are poverty and low education.
Child marriage in the United States
Child marriage in the United States is the legal practice of marrying before 18, producing an estimated 314,154 married minors from 2000 to 2021, mostly girls wed to adult men.
Child Marriage Restraint Act
Child Marriage Restraint Act 1929, also called the Sarda Act, was British India's first minimum-age-of-marriage law: 14 for girls, 18 for boys, fines and short imprisonment, amended 1938, 1948, 1978, repealed by the 2006 Prohibition Act.
Child neglect
Child neglect is the failure of a caregiver to meet a child's basic physical and emotional needs. Also called negligent treatment, it is the maltreatment category most often recorded by child protection agencies, with estimated global prevalence of 163 per 1,000 children for physical and 184 for emotional neglect.
Child protection
Child protection comprises systems and services preventing and responding to violence, exploitation, neglect, and abuse of children. Key facts: UNICEF definition, WHO's 1 billion violence estimate, institutional versus foster care outcomes, and humanitarian strain.
Children in Need
BBC Children in Need is the BBC's UK charity, registered charity 802052, raising funds for disadvantaged children via the annual telethon first held in 1980; over £1 billion raised and distributed as grants of £1,000 to £40,000 per year.
Ching chong
Ching chong (ching chang chong) is an English onomatopoeic racial slur mocking Chinese and East Asian speech; documented since an 1886 playground rhyme, ranked fourth among reported anti-Asian slurs, and treated as hate speech in some jurisdictions.
Chipko movement
Chipko movement (चिपको, Hindi 'to hug'), a non-violent forest conservation movement begun in 1973 in Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India, where village women led by Gaura Devi hugged trees to block commercial logging, winning a 15-year felling ban in 1980.
Chris McCandless
Chris McCandless (Alexander Supertramp), American wanderer who gave away $24,000, hiked Alaska's Stampede Trail in 1992, and starved to death in Fairbanks Bus 142 near Denali; subject of Krakauer's Into the Wild and Penn's 2007 film.
Christian countercult movement
Christian countercult movement (CCM), also called countercult or discernment ministries: evangelical apologetics groups opposing new religious movements on theological grounds, distinct from the secular anticult; targets include Mormonism and Freemasonry; goals are evangelization and worldview maintenance.
Christian supremacy
Christian supremacy, also called Christian supremacist ideology, holds that Christians are entitled to dominate politics, law, and culture, overlapping with but distinct from Christian nationalism.
Christian Walker (media personality)
Christian Walker (born 1999) is an American conservative social media personality, podcast host, and son of Herschel Walker, known for Starbucks drive-through political rants and his October 2022 public denunciation of his father's Senate campaign.