2,229 articles
Child discipline
Child discipline covers non-violent methods such as limits, praise, and consequences, and corporal punishment, which WHO and the AAP advise against: 1.2 billion children are physically punished at home yearly, with no positive outcomes shown.
Child marriage
Child marriage: formal or informal marriage or union involving someone under 18, also called early or forced marriage. About 650 million women and girls alive today were married as children; prevalence is 19 percent among women aged 20-24, highest in sub-Saharan Africa, and only 38 countries ban it without exceptions.
Child marriage in India
Child marriage in India: marriage below legal ages of 18 for women and 21 for men under the PCMA 2006. 23% of women 20–24 married before 18 (NFHS-5); India holds a third of world child brides; drivers are poverty and low education.
Child marriage in the United States
Child marriage in the United States is the legal practice of marrying before 18, producing an estimated 314,154 married minors from 2000 to 2021, mostly girls wed to adult men.
Child Marriage Restraint Act
Child Marriage Restraint Act 1929, also called the Sarda Act, was British India's first minimum-age-of-marriage law: 14 for girls, 18 for boys, fines and short imprisonment, amended 1938, 1948, 1978, repealed by the 2006 Prohibition Act.
Child neglect
Child neglect is the failure of a caregiver to meet a child's basic physical and emotional needs. Also called negligent treatment, it is the maltreatment category most often recorded by child protection agencies, with estimated global prevalence of 163 per 1,000 children for physical and 184 for emotional neglect.
Child protection
Child protection comprises systems and services preventing and responding to violence, exploitation, neglect, and abuse of children. Key facts: UNICEF definition, WHO's 1 billion violence estimate, institutional versus foster care outcomes, and humanitarian strain.
Childhood nudity
Childhood nudity: children's exposure to non-sexual nakedness in family, naturist, school, and public settings. Key evidence includes the 18-year UCLA Family Lifestyles Project (200 children), cultural variation such as Finnish sauna practice, and legal distinctions from sexualized imagery.
Children in Need
BBC Children in Need is the BBC's UK charity, registered charity 802052, raising funds for disadvantaged children via the annual telethon first held in 1980; over £1 billion raised and distributed as grants of £1,000 to £40,000 per year.
Chinese pre-wedding customs
Chinese pre-wedding customs, from the classical Six Rites and Three Letters to modern guo da li betrothal, bride price (caili) negotiation, hair-combing (shang tou), and pre-wedding photography in China and the diaspora.
Ching chong
Ching chong (ching chang chong) is an English onomatopoeic racial slur mocking Chinese and East Asian speech; documented since an 1886 playground rhyme, ranked fourth among reported anti-Asian slurs, and treated as hate speech in some jurisdictions.
Chipko movement
Chipko movement (चिपको, Hindi 'to hug'), a non-violent forest conservation movement begun in 1973 in Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India, where village women led by Gaura Devi hugged trees to block commercial logging, winning a 15-year felling ban in 1980.
Chris McCandless
Chris McCandless (Alexander Supertramp), American wanderer who gave away $24,000, hiked Alaska's Stampede Trail in 1992, and starved to death in Fairbanks Bus 142 near Denali; subject of Krakauer's Into the Wild and Penn's 2007 film.
Christian countercult movement
Christian countercult movement (CCM), also called countercult or discernment ministries: evangelical apologetics groups opposing new religious movements on theological grounds, distinct from the secular anticult; targets include Mormonism and Freemasonry; goals are evangelization and worldview maintenance.
Christian supremacy
Christian supremacy, also called Christian supremacist ideology, holds that Christians are entitled to dominate politics, law, and culture, overlapping with but distinct from Christian nationalism.
Christian views on divorce
Christian views on divorce cover how traditions interpret Matthew's porneia exception clause, Mark and Luke's exceptionless prohibition, and 1 Corinthians 7, producing Catholic indissolubility with annulment, Orthodox penitential remarriage, and varied Protestant grounds.
Christian Walker (media personality)
Christian Walker (born 1999) is an American conservative social media personality, podcast host, and son of Herschel Walker, known for Starbucks drive-through political rants and his October 2022 public denunciation of his father's Senate campaign.
Christina Hoff Sommers
Christina Hoff Sommers, AEI resident scholar and former Clark University philosophy professor, author of Who Stole Feminism? (1994) and The War Against Boys (2000), equity-feminism advocate and host of The Factual Feminist.
Christine Jorgensen
Christine Jorgensen (1926-1989), born George William Jorgensen Jr. in the Bronx, was an American trans woman, first widely known in the US for sex reassignment surgery in Denmark under Christian Hamburger; NY Daily News scoop of December 1, 1952 made her a celebrity, entertainer, and transgender advocate.
Christine King Farris
Christine King Farris (Willie Christine King, 1927-2023), eldest sister of Martin Luther King Jr., Spelman College education professor for 56 years, King Center vice chair and treasurer, and author of My Brother Martin and Through It All.
Christopher Street Day
Christopher Street Day (CSD) is the name used in Germany and Switzerland for yearly Pride marches, named for the 1969 Stonewall rebellion near Christopher Street in New York.
Chuppah (חופה)
Chuppah (חופה, also huppah; plural chuppot) is the canopy under which a Jewish wedding ceremony is held, literally "covering." Originally the bridal chamber, it became a four-pole cloth canopy symbolizing the couple's new home, open on all sides.
Cinderella effect
The Cinderella effect is the elevated risk of abuse, neglect, and lethal maltreatment faced by stepchildren versus genetic children, named by evolutionary psychologists Martin Daly and Margo Wilson, with reported effects up to 100-fold or more in fatal cases and continuing debate over confounding and reporting bias.
Circle jerk
Circle jerk (circlejerk) is vulgar slang for a group of men masturbating in a circle, and figuratively for a self-congratulatory echo chamber. Documented from 1958 print, figurative by 1972, online via Urban Dictionary 2003 and Reddit's r/circlejerk 2008.
Cisgender
Cisgender (cis): describes people whose gender identity matches their sex assigned at birth; entered circulation in the 1990s, added to the OED in 2015, counterpart to transgender.
Citizenship Amendment Act protests
Nationwide Indian protest movement, December 2019 to March 2020, against the Citizenship (Amendment) Act 2019, which first made religion a citizenship criterion; centered on Shaheen Bagh sit-in, with deaths, detentions and 2024 implementation.
Civil marriage
Civil marriage: marriage under state law, not religious authority. Also called civil wedding; related to marriage registry, Marriage Act 1836. Distinguished from religious marriage and civil partnership by state registration and its legal consequences.
Civil Partnership Act 2004
Civil Partnership Act 2004 (c. 33), UK statute assented 18 November 2004 and in force 5 December 2005, created civil partnership for same-sex couples with rights parallel to marriage; extended to opposite-sex couples from 2 December 2019 after Steinfeld and Keidan.
Civil Rights Act of 1866
Civil Rights Act of 1866, enacted April 9, 1866 over President Andrew Johnson's veto; first major U.S. law passed over a veto. Declared birthright citizenship and equal contract, court, and property rights; became template for the Fourteenth Amendment; survives as 42 U.S.C. §§ 1981-1982.
Civil Rights Act of 1964
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Public Law 88-352), signed by Lyndon B. Johnson on July 2, 1964, bans discrimination by race, color, religion, sex, and national origin in employment, public accommodations, and federally funded programs, and created the EEOC under Title VII.