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Monica Lewinsky
Monica Lewinsky (born 1973), American anti-bullying activist, producer, and former White House intern central to the 1998 Clinton scandal; known for the TED talk The Price of Shame, Impeachment: American Crime Story, and the podcast Reclaiming.
Monkey hate
Monkey hate: hostility toward monkeys, especially macaques, spanning an online subculture of abuse videos and real-world crop-raiding retaliation; driven by negative experience, feeding, and ambivalent cultural attitudes.
Monogamy
Monogamy: exclusive pairing of one male and one female, defined separately as genetic, sexual, and social monogamy. Rare in mammals (under 10% of species), common in birds; humans average 66% full siblings, with 85% of societies historically permitting polygyny.
Monster Study
The Monster Study (Tudor Study) was a 1939 University of Iowa experiment by Wendell Johnson and Mary Tudor on 22 Iowa orphans, testing whether labeling children as stutterers changed fluency; it induced no stuttering but caused lasting distress and became a landmark research-ethics case.
Montenegrins
Montenegrins (Crnogorci), South Slavic ethnic group and titular nation of Montenegro; 41.12% of the 2023 census population. Identity contested with Serbs; language and religion shared, distinctiveness rests on history, geography, tribal society.
Mood (psychology)
Mood (psychology): a prolonged, diffuse feeling state, milder and longer-lasting than emotion and lacking a clear cause. Also called affective state; measured with ecological momentary assessment; regulated by circadian clocks and linked to depression, anxiety, and cardiovascular health.
Mood and Feelings Questionnaire
The Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (MFQ) is a free questionnaire measuring depressive symptoms in children and adolescents, developed by Elizabeth J. Costello and Adrian Angold in 1988.
Moorish sovereign citizens
Moorish sovereign citizens, an offshoot of the sovereign citizen movement since the 1990s, combine Moorish Science Temple identity claims with pseudolaw, claiming immunity from US law through homemade documents, false liens, and rejected court arguments.
Moral Re-Armament
Moral Re-Armament (MRA), also called the Oxford Group or Buchmanism, now Initiatives of Change, was Frank Buchman's international moral and spiritual movement founded 1938, known for the four absolutes and Caux reconciliation conferences.
Mordvins
Mordvins (Russian mordva) is an umbrella exonym for two Finno-Ugric peoples of the Middle Volga, the Erzya and Moksha, each with its own non-mutually-comprehensible language; 744,236 at the 2010 census, mostly outside Mordovia.
Morenazi
Morenazi (plural morenazis; variant morenario) is a Spanish pejorative blend of moreno (dark-skinned) and nazi for a Latino or mestizo neo-Nazi, documented in Chilean slang and Mexican research on far-right online groups.
Mores
Mores (Latin mores, 'customs'), a term from William Graham Sumner's 1906 book Folkways, are informal social norms with strong moral significance whose violation brings serious social sanctions, distinct from folkways, taboos, and laws.
Morganatic marriage
Morganatic marriage (Ehe zur linken Hand, left-handed marriage): a legal marriage between spouses of unequal rank in which the lower-ranking spouse and children get no title or succession rights; German, Lombard-derived institution.
Moriori
Moriori: indigenous Polynesian people of Rēkohu (Chatham Islands), related to Māori, keepers of Nunuku's peace covenant, devastated by the 1835 Ngāti Mutunga and Ngāti Tama invasion, and revived through a 2020 Treaty settlement.
Mormonism and polygamy
Mormonism and polygamy covers plural marriage in the LDS Church: introduced by Joseph Smith in the 1840s, announced in 1852, ended by Woodruff's 1890 Manifesto and the 1904 Second Manifesto, with FLDS splinter groups persisting.
Morningness–eveningness questionnaire
The morningness–eveningness questionnaire (MEQ) is a 19-item self-report survey measuring circadian preference, from morningness to eveningness, published by Horne and Östberg in 1976 and scored 16 to 86.
Moro people
Moro people (Bangsamoro): Islamized ethnolinguistic groups of Mindanao, Sulu, and Palawan, Philippines. Named after Spanish "Moors"; largest groups Maguindanao, Maranao, Tausug; 7.11 million (6.5%) in the 2020 census; history of Spanish, American, and post-1946 conflict.
Moroccan Jewish exodus to Israel
The Moroccan Jewish exodus to Israel was the mass emigration of Morocco's Jewish community, roughly 250,000 people, to Israel between 1948 and the 1970s, mostly in distinct waves.
Moroccan Jews
Moroccan Jews (Yehudei Marocco) are an ancient Jewish community of Morocco, spanning toshavim and Sephardic Megorashim strata, Judeo-Arabic, Judeo-Amazigh and Haketia speakers, once the Muslim world's largest Jewish community, now mostly a diaspora in Israel and France.
Moroccan labor migration to Europe
The movement of Moroccan workers to Europe, begun through state recruitment agreements in the 1960s and now one of the largest African diasporas in Europe.
Moroccans
Moroccans are the people of Morocco, a North African nation. They are predominantly Arab and Amazigh, speak Arabic and French, and have a large diaspora.
Morris water maze
The Morris water maze is a behavioral task in which rodents swim in an opaque circular pool to find a hidden platform, testing hippocampus-dependent spatial learning and memory.
Mossi people
The Mossi are a West African people and Burkina Faso's largest ethnic group, about 54 percent of the population in 2021, known for the pre-colonial Mossi kingdoms of the Volta Basin.
Mosuo (摩梭)
Mosuo (摩梭), also called Na, an ethnic group of about 40,000 around Lugu Lake, Yunnan/Sichuan, China, known for matrilineal households, duolocal residence, and 'walking marriages' (Sese/Zouhun); distinct from the Naxi and from true matriarchy.
Mother and Baby Home
Mother and baby homes were Irish institutions for unmarried mothers, 1922–1998, run mostly by Catholic orders; about 9,000 children died, Tuam's 978 deaths prompted a 2021 state apology, redress, and excavation.
Mother Angelica
Mother Angelica (Rita Antoinette Rizzo, 1923–2016), Poor Clare nun, founded EWTN in 1981 from an Alabama monastery garage with $200; built a viewer-funded global Catholic network, the Hanceville shrine, and wrote 56 books.
Mothers Against Drunk Driving
Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD), founded in 1980 by Candace Lightner after her daughter Cari's death, is the largest US nonprofit against drunk driving, credited with the 21 drinking age, .08 BAC laws, ignition interlocks, and victim services.
Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo
Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo (Madres de Plaza de Mayo) is an Argentine human rights organization of mothers of people disappeared during the 1976–1983 military dictatorship.
Motion discrimination task
A motion discrimination task, or direction discrimination task, is a psychophysical paradigm in which observers judge the net direction of randomly moving dots, measuring motion sensitivity and perceptual decision-making.
Motivation
Motivation, from Latin movere (to move), is the psychological process that instigates and sustains goal-directed behavior. Central theories: expectancy-value, self-determination, social cognitive, achievement goal, and attribution theory.