6,078 articles
Picture Exchange Communication System
The Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) is an augmentative communication intervention, developed in the United States for Autistic learners, that teaches requesting through six phases of picture-card exchange.
Picture naming task
The picture naming task, also called object naming, is an experimental paradigm in which a participant names a depicted object aloud while reaction time and errors are measured.
Pieing
Pieing is throwing a pie in a public figure's face as political protest, also called entartage. Started by Yippie Tom Forcade in 1970; Aron Kay and Noël Godin made it famous; peaked with the 1998 Bill Gates pieing and faded around 2011.
Pierre Bourdieu
Pierre Bourdieu (1930-2002), French sociologist at the Collège de France (1982-2001), creator of habitus, capital, and field theory; formed in Algeria (1955-1960), central to social reproduction and educational inequality analysis, subject of critiques of determinism and tautology.
Pikey
Pikey (also pikie, pykie) is a British offensive slang term and racial slur for Gypsy, Roma and Traveller people, especially Irish Travellers, and for poor working-class people; probably from turnpike, dated to the second third of the 19th century.
Pillow talk
Pillow talk: intimate, unguarded conversation between partners in bed, especially after sex. Research term for post-sex communication; a 2020 experiment found it raised men's, not women's, relationship satisfaction.
Pine Ridge Indian Reservation
Pine Ridge Indian Reservation, home of the Oglala Sioux Tribe (Oglala Lakota), established 1889 in southwestern South Dakota and northwestern Nebraska; about 2.1 million acres, nine districts, Wounded Knee site, largest IHS service unit in the Great Plains Area.
Pink triangle
The pink triangle (Rosa Winkel) was the badge Nazi concentration camps used to identify gay male prisoners, later reclaimed as an LGBTQ+ symbol of remembrance and pride.
Pinoy
Pinoy: informal word for a Filipino, from Tagalog (Fili)pino plus diminutive -y, first recorded 1920-25; widely used in the Filipino diaspora, alongside Pinay and Filipinx.
Pioneer Fund
Pioneer Fund is a US seed-stage venture capital firm founded in 2017 by Jason Gray, funded by 540+ Y Combinator alumni and investing mainly in YC startups; distinct from the 1928 Carret mutual fund, the 1937 eugenics foundation, and the Pioneer.app accelerator.
Pippa Middleton
Pippa Middleton (Philippa Charlotte Middleton, born 1983) is a British writer and sister of Catherine, Princess of Wales; maid of honor at the 2011 royal wedding, author of Celebrate, wife of James Matthews since 2017.
Pirahã people
Pirahã people (Hiaitsiihi), a Mura-family indigenous people of the Maici and Marmelos rivers, Amazonas, Brazil, several hundred strong; famous for Daniel Everett's contested claims of a language without numbers, color terms, or recursion.
Plains Indians
Plains Indians: over 30 Indigenous nations of the North American Great Plains, also called Plains tribes, spanning the Mississippi River to the Great Basin; horse-mounted bison hunters and settled farmers, later reservation communities restoring bison herds.
Plan
A plan is a mental or formal representation of a sequence of actions meant to achieve a goal, a basic component of intelligent behavior in people and machines.
Plaquemines Parish John Doe
Plaquemines Parish John Doe (Doe Network 3832UMLA, NamUs UP88342) is an unidentified teenager found hanged February 14, 1975 near Belle Chasse, Louisiana, whose suicide note asked to stay unidentified; his remains and records were later lost.
Plast
Plast (Пласт), formally the Plast National Scout Organization of Ukraine, is a scouting organization founded in Lviv in 1911, banned in Soviet Ukraine in 1924, and re-established there in 1991.
Play therapy
Play therapy is a psychotherapy method that uses children's play, with toys and games, to help children aged roughly 3 to 10 express emotions and resolve psychological or behavioral problems.
Playboy Club
Playboy Club: members-only nightclub chain launched in Chicago on February 29, 1960 by Hugh Hefner and Victor Lownes, keyed admission, Bunny waitresses, over 30 clubs at peak, last original club closed 1991.
Pleasure principle (psychology)
Pleasure principle (psychology): Freud's concept, introduced in his 1895 Project, that the psyche seeks pleasure, avoids pain, and keeps mental excitation constant or low; id drives, reality principle, and modern reward neuroscience.
Plenty Coups
Plenty Coups (Alaxchiiaahush, "many achievements"), 1848–1932, last traditional chief of the Crow (Apsáalooke) Nation; Crow ally of the U.S. Army, defender of reservation land, and 1921 Tomb of the Unknown Soldier representative.
Plurisexuality
Plurisexuality, also called bi+, is an umbrella research term for sexual identities involving potential attraction to more than one sex or gender, including bisexual, pansexual, omnisexual, queer, and fluid identities, distinct from monosexual identities.
Pocahontas
Pocahontas, also Matoaka or Rebecca (c. 1596–1617), daughter of the Powhatan paramount chief, married John Rolfe in 1614; the famous John Smith rescue story is doubted by most historians.
Point subtraction aggression paradigm
The point subtraction aggression paradigm (PSAP) is a laboratory task measuring aggression behaviorally: participants earn money while a fictitious opponent subtracts points, and aggressive retaliation is recorded.
Pointing task
A pointing task is a spatial cognition test in which participants point to a remembered target from an imagined position, with angular error measuring spatial memory.
Poles in the United Kingdom
Poles in the United Kingdom, also known as Polish Britons, form one of the UK's largest foreign-born communities, numbering 743,000 Poland-born residents at the 2021 census.
Polish Americans
Polish Americans (Polonia) are US residents of Polish descent, 9.5 million in the 2010 Census and the eighth largest ethnic group, shaped by late-19th-century mass immigration, fraternal institutions, Chicago as a cultural center, and October heritage month.
Polish and Ukrainian settlement of Paraná
The Polish and Ukrainian settlement of Paraná was the organized placement of immigrants from partitioned Poland and Galicia in rural Brazilian colonies, beginning in 1871 and centered on Curitiba and Prudentópolis.
Polish diaspora
Polish diaspora (Polonia): the nearly 20 million Polish citizens, people of Polish origin, and descendants living outside Poland, largest in the US and Germany; shaped by the 1870–1914 Great Migration, interwar and wartime waves, and post-2004 EU-accession emigration, now partly returning.
Polish Haitians
Polish Haitians are descendants of Polish legionnaires Napoleon sent to Saint-Domingue (Haiti) in 1802–1803; about 400 defected or stayed, received Haitian citizenship under the 1805 constitution, and their main community is Cazale (La Pologne) near Port-au-Prince.
Polish people
Polish people (Polacy): the nation and ethnic group of Poland, defined by self-declared nationality; 98.8% of residents declared Polish in the 2021 census, with a diaspora once estimated at up to 12 million.