6,078 articles
Respect
Respect: an attitude of attention, deference, and acknowledgment of worth toward a person or object. Key distinction: Darwall's recognition respect (owed to all persons) versus appraisal respect (earned by merit); links to tolerance, self-respect, and dignity.
Respect for Marriage Act
The Respect for Marriage Act (Public Law 117-228, H.R. 8404), signed December 13, 2022, repeals DOMA, requires interstate and federal recognition of same-sex and interracial marriages, and adds religious-liberty protections, but does not require states to issue same-sex marriage licenses.
Respectability politics
Respectability politics: strategy in which members of marginalized groups conform to dominant social norms to seek advancement; coined by Evelyn Brooks Higginbotham for Black Baptist women, later applied to LGBTQ and other groups.
Response priming
Response priming is a cognitive psychology paradigm in which a brief masked prime speeds or biases a speeded choice response, studied to probe unconscious control of action.
Resting bitch face
Resting bitch face (RBF, bitchy resting face) is a neutral facial expression others misread as angry or contemptuous. Coined on Urban Dictionary in 2009, popularized by a 2013 Funny Or Die video; explained by structural resemblance to emotions, context effects, and gendered judgment biases.
Retard (pejorative)
Retard (pejorative), the R-word: an English slur for people with intellectual disability, derived from Latin retardare "to slow"; noun recorded 1788, slur sense 1970, retired from US federal law by Rosa's Law in 2010.
Retirement
Retirement: exit from the workforce, institutionalized through pensions from Bismarck's 1889 German system and the 1935 U.S. Social Security Act to today's rising OECD retirement ages, health effects, and phased transitions.
Retirement home
Retirement home, also called senior living or old age home, is residential housing for older adults with services from independent living through assisted living to nursing care; shaped by the 1935 Social Security Act, 1965 Medicare/Medicaid, and 1987 reform law.
Retrieval practice
Retrieval practice, known in research as the testing effect, is a learning technique in which actively recalling material strengthens long-term retention more than an equal amount of rereading.
Retrospective think-aloud
Retrospective think-aloud, also called retrospective protocol, is a verbal protocol method in which a participant works silently, then verbalizes thoughts while reviewing a replay of the session.
Return to the Land
Return to the Land (RTTL) is an American white separatist group founded by Eric Orwoll and Peter Csere, running a 160-acre whites-only community near Ravenden, Arkansas, since 2023, structured as a private membership association to evade fair housing law and facing federal discrimination lawsuits.
Revenge
Revenge, or vengeance, is motivated retaliation after a perceived harm, distinguished from self-defense and unsolicited aggression. Research covers its evolutionary and cultural origins, prevalence in violence (42% of NYC murders), hedonic paradox, and relationship contexts.
Reversal learning
Reversal learning is a behavioral paradigm in which a subject learns that one cue is rewarded before the contingencies reverse, measuring cognitive flexibility across species.
Reverse correlation
Reverse correlation is a psychophysical method in which observers classify noisy stimuli, and averaging these choices yields a classification image of the internal representation used.
Reverse psychology
Reverse psychology, formally strategic self-anticonformity, is a social influence tactic advocating the opposite of what one wants; it works through Brehm's psychological reactance, whose message triggers and persuasion effects are quantified by the 2025 Li and Shi meta-analysis.
Reverse racism
Reverse racism: alleged prejudice or discrimination against majority or historically dominant groups, especially white people, tied to affirmative action and DEI debates; distinct from the legal term reverse discrimination and contested over whether racism requires power.
Revilo P. Oliver
Revilo P. Oliver (1908-1994) was a University of Illinois classics professor and classical philologist who co-founded the John Birch Society, wrote "Marxmanship in Dallas," and became a leading intellectual figure of American white nationalism.
Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale
The Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS) is a free 47-item youth self-report questionnaire measuring DSM-defined anxiety and depression symptoms in children and adolescents aged 8 to 18.
Revised NEO Personality Inventory
Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R), Costa and McCrae's 1992 Big Five questionnaire: 240 items, five domains, 30 facets, self and observer forms, NEO-FFI short form, NEO-PI-3 revision.
Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test
The Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), also called the AVLT, is a neuropsychological test in which a person recalls a 15-word list over five learning trials, a delay, and recognition.
Rhonda Louise Williams
Rhonda Williams, UCCS professor emerita of counseling and human services, school counseling program coordinator, ASCA ethics chair, Smart-Girl program founder, and 2025 UCCS distinguished alumna.
Richard B. Spencer
Richard B. Spencer, born Richard Bertrand Spencer, is an American white nationalist credited with coining "alt-right" in 2008 and who led the National Policy Institute through 2016 and 2017.
Richard Fuisz
Richard C. Fuisz, American physician-inventor, founder of Fuisz Pharma LLC with son Joseph Fuisz; known for oral drug delivery patents (shearform tablet, thin film protecting Suboxone) and the 2011 Theranos patent litigation.
Richard Girnt Butler
Richard Girnt Butler (1918–2004) was an American white supremacist and Christian Identity minister who took over the Church of Jesus Christ Christian and built it into the Aryan Nations at Hayden Lake, Idaho.
Richard Oakes (activist)
Richard Oakes (1942–1972), Akwesasne Mohawk activist and Red Power leader, organized the 1969 occupation of Alcatraz Island, led Fort Lawton and Pit River campaigns, and was killed in 1972.
Richard Proenneke
Richard (Dick) Proenneke, American naturalist and craftsman (1916-2003), built a spruce-log cabin by hand at Upper Twin Lake in Lake Clark National Park, Alaska, and lived there about 30 years, documenting his life in 255 journals and 16 mm film.
Rick Hansen
Rick Hansen (born 1957) is a Canadian Paralympian and disability advocate whose 1985-1987 Man In Motion World Tour covered 40,000 km through 34 countries, raising $26 million, and who founded the Rick Hansen Foundation in 1988.
Ridvan Aydemir
Ridvan Aydemir, known online as Apostate Prophet, is a Turkish-German ex-Muslim YouTuber born in Germany, formerly devout Sunni Muslim, then atheist, converted to Eastern Orthodox Christianity in 2025, critiquing Islam and debating apologists.
Righting reflex
The righting reflex is a helper's natural desire to fix a client's problems and set them on a better course, a trap in motivational interviewing.
Rigoberta Menchú
Rigoberta Menchú Tum is a K'iche' Maya human rights activist from Guatemala. She won the 1992 Nobel Peace Prize for her work on indigenous rights and social justice.