6,078 articles
Romani people
Romani people: an ethnic minority of Indian origin, largest in Europe (up to 10 million), speaking Romani, with subgroups Roma, Sinti, Kale; history of slavery, Nazi genocide, and ongoing antigypsyism.
Romani people in Romania
The Romani people in Romania, also called Romanian Roma, form the country's largest recognized national minority; the 2021 census counted 569,477, with real numbers estimated two to three times higher.
Romanian Americans
Romanian Americans, also called American Romanians (români americani), are US residents of Romanian ancestry or birth, numbering about 417,000 by 2020 Census ancestry reports, with major waves in 1895–1920 and after 1989.
Romanians
Romanians (români), Romance-speaking people of Romania and Moldova; Latin-derived language from Roman Dacia (conquered 106 CE), Orthodox faith, and contested Moldovan identity (76% Moldovan vs 2-3% Romanian, 2004 census).
Romanichal
Romanichal are a Romani subgroup native to the British Isles, especially England, also called Romany Gypsies or English Gypsies; first recorded in Britain in 1505, speaking Angloromani, and legally recognised as a racial group since 1988.
Romantic friendship
Romantic friendship: historically documented same-sex bonds, passionate, intense, and sometimes sexual, common in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Europe and America; related to the Boston marriage and debated against lesbian identity categories.
Romantic love (mental state)
Romantic love, also called passionate love, is a mental state of intense longing for union with a preferred partner. It is near-universal, dopamine-driven, measured by the Passionate Love Scale, and contrasts with calmer companionate love.
Romantic orientation
Romantic orientation: enduring pattern of romantic attraction by partner gender, distinct from sexual orientation. Includes aromantic, biromantic, heteroromantic, panromantic labels; heavily documented in asexual and aromantic-spectrum community research.
Ronald McDonald House Charities
Ronald McDonald House Charities (RMHC), rebranded 2025 as Ronald McDonald House, is a global nonprofit founded in Philadelphia in 1974 that provides Houses, Family Rooms, and Care Mobiles for families of hospitalized children in 60+ countries, with McDonald's as founding partner.
Rōnōha
Rōnōha (労農派, "Labor-Farmer faction") was a group of Japanese Marxist theorists who, from the late 1920s, opposed the Japan Communist Party and the Kōza-ha in the Japan Capitalism Debate.
Roommate
Roommate: a person sharing living space with a non-family co-tenant, mainly to cut housing costs. Covers the economics of shared rents, college roommate matching, and the matching-theory roommate problem.
Rorschach test
Rorschach test, also called the inkblot test (Psychodiagnostik, 1921), a projective personality assessment using ten standard inkblots designed by Hermann Rorschach, scored by systems such as Exner's Comprehensive System and R-PAS, and long contested for validity.
Rosa Parks
Rosa Parks (Rosa Louise McCauley Parks, 1913–2005), American civil rights activist whose December 1, 1955 refusal to yield her Montgomery bus seat sparked the 381-day Montgomery Bus Boycott and ended bus segregation via Browder v. Gayle.
Rose Hawthorne Lathrop
Rose Hawthorne Lathrop (Mother Mary Alphonsa, 1851–1926), daughter of Nathaniel Hawthorne, founded the Servants of Relief for Incurable Cancer and Rosary Hill Home (1901), the first US hospice; declared Venerable in 2024.
Rosemary Pratt, Marchioness Camden
Rosemary Pratt, Marchioness Camden (Cecil Rosemary Pawle, 1921–2004), British socialite and artist, first wife of Group Captain Peter Townsend, later third wife of the 5th Marquess Camden.
Rosenberg self-esteem scale
The Rosenberg self-esteem scale is a ten-item questionnaire measuring global self-esteem, designed by Morris Rosenberg in 1965 and the most widely used self-esteem measure in psychology and psychiatry.
Rosie the Riveter
Rosie the Riveter, born from a 1942 Evans and Loeb song and tied to Norman Rockwell's Saturday Evening Post cover and Miller's "We Can Do It!" Westinghouse poster, symbolizes American women war workers of World War II, later reclaimed as a feminist icon.
Rotary International
Rotary International, founded 23 February 1905 in Chicago by Paul P. Harris, is the global association of about 45,000 Rotary service clubs. Known for Service Above Self and its US$2.9 billion polio eradication effort, it comprises clubs, Rotary International, and The Rotary Foundation.
Rouhollah Zamzameh
Rouhollah Zamzameh, known as Rouhollah Zam (روحالله زم), Iranian dissident journalist and founder of the Telegram channel Amadnews; exiled in France, abducted from Iraq in 2019, executed by Iran on 12 December 2020.
Rowan Dean
Rowan Dean, Australian advertising executive and conservative commentator born in Canberra; Foster's Lager and Hamlet 'Photobooth' copywriter, Gruen panellist, Spectator Australia editor, Sky News Outsiders co-host.
Roy Jeffs
Roy Jeffs (Leroy Barlow Jeffs, 1992-2019), a son of FLDS prophet Warren Jeffs, left the sect in February 2014 and publicly described his father's abuses before dying by suicide at age 26.
Royal Antediluvian Order of Buffaloes
Royal Antediluvian Order of Buffaloes (RAOB, the Buffs): British male fraternal and charitable order founded 1822 at the Harp Tavern near Drury Lane by Joseph Lisle and W. Sinnett; named from the song "We'll chase the Buffalo", never royally chartered, with lodges across the Commonwealth.
Royal intermarriage
Royal intermarriage, also known as dynastic marriage, is the practice of rulers marrying members of other ruling dynasties for political ends such as alliances, inheritances, and peace; it declined after World War I.
Rubén Díaz Sr.
Rubén Díaz Sr. (born 1943), Bronx Pentecostal minister and conservative Democrat; New York State Senator 2003–2017 and NYC Council member; led opposition to same-sex marriage and lost the 2020 NY-15 primary to Ritchie Torres.
Ruby Bridges
Ruby Bridges (Ruby Nell Bridges Hall), American civil rights activist who at age six desegregated William Frantz Elementary School in New Orleans on November 14, 1960, escorted by federal marshals, later founding the Ruby Bridges Foundation.
Rufina Cambaceres
Rufina Eugenia Cambaceres (1883–1902), daughter of novelist Eugenio Cambaceres, died on her 19th birthday; her Recoleta art nouveau tomb anchors Buenos Aires's famous buried-alive legend, which documentary research rejects.
Rula Daood
Rula Daood (רולא דאוד), born 1985 in Kafr Yasif, is a Palestinian Christian citizen of Israel, former speech therapist, and national co-director of Standing Together with Alon-Lee Green since 2019; TIME100 Next 2024 honoree and 2026 co-founder of the A Place for Us All party.
Rules for Radicals
Rules for Radicals: A Pragmatic Primer for Realistic Radicals, Saul Alinsky's 1971 Random House book of thirteen rules for grassroots community organizing by the Have-Nots; his last book, influential on left organizers and Tea Party activists alike.
Ruling class
Ruling class: the dominant power-holding group in a society. Central to Marxist theory (class owning the means of production) and to Mosca's elite theory (Elementi di scienza politica, 1896, translated The Ruling Class 1939), opposed by Pareto's 'élite' term and critiqued by Dahl and Poulantzas.
Rulon Jeffs
Rulon Timpson Jeffs (1909–2002), Mormon fundamentalist prophet who led the FLDS Church from 1986 until 2002; father and predecessor of Warren Jeffs, and centralizer who incorporated the sect and abolished its council.