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Unified Syndical Confederation of Rural Workers of Bolivia
The Unified Syndical Confederation of Rural Workers of Bolivia (Confederación Sindical Única de Trabajadores Campesinos de Bolivia, CSUTCB), founded in 1979, is Bolivia's largest federation of peasant unions.
Unintended consequences
Unintended consequences are unplanned outcomes of actions or policies, rooted in Robert K. Merton's 1936 sociology and explained today by complexity thinking: feedback loops, adaptive agents, and limits to policy learning make policy effects hard to predict and evaluate.
United Grand Lodge of England
The United Grand Lodge of England (UGLE) is the governing body of Freemasonry in England, Wales, and overseas districts, formed by the union of two rival grand lodges in 1813.
United States Junior Chamber
United States Junior Chamber (Jaycees, JCI USA), civic and leadership organization founded 1915 in St. Louis by Henry Giessenbier, nationally organized 1920; renamed United States Jaycees 1965; Supreme Court ordered women's admission 1984.
United States v. Windsor
United States v. Windsor, 570 U.S. 744 (2013): Supreme Court case striking down Section 3 of DOMA under the Fifth Amendment; Edith Windsor's $363,053 estate tax; 5-4 Kennedy opinion.
Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League
The Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League (UNIA-ACL) is a Black nationalist and Pan-African organization founded by Marcus Garvey in Jamaica in 1914, a major movement of people of African descent.
Unrequited love
Unrequited Love (暗恋橘生淮南) is a 2021 Chinese youth campus romance web series directed by Li Muge, starring Hu Yitian and Hu Bingqing, released in 24 episodes.
Untouchability
Untouchability, the social disabilities imposed on people born into certain Indian castes (Dalits, Scheduled Castes), abolished by Article 17 of India's Constitution and the Protection of Civil Rights Act 1955, yet persisting in manual scavenging and caste exclusion despite later laws.
Upper middle class
Upper middle class: the higher-status segment of the middle class, marked by graduate education, professional occupations like law and medicine, household incomes commonly above $100,000, and top-quintile earnings; distinct from lower middle class and upper class.
UPPS-P impulsivity scale
The UPPS-P impulsivity scale is a 59-item self-report questionnaire that measures impulsivity as five traits: negative urgency, positive urgency, lack of premeditation, lack of perseverance, and sensation seeking.
Uranian (sexuality)
Uranian (German Urning), coined by Karl Heinrich Ulrichs in 1864, is a nineteenth-century term for same-sex-desiring people, drawn from Plato's Symposium via Aphrodite Urania; distinct from Kertbeny's later "homosexual" and the British Uranian poets' pederastic usage.
Urban sprawl
Urban sprawl: low-density, dispersed outward growth of cities, first named in the late 1940s. Measured by density, fragmentation, and centrality; built-up land has grown twice as fast as population since 1975, driving compact-city and smart-growth policies.
Urbanism
Urbanism is the study and practice of how cities are organized, built, and lived in, spanning urban form theory, land-use and transport planning, public space design, and critical traditions such as the right to the city and postcolonial urbanism.
Urie Bronfenbrenner (Ури Бронфенбреннер)
Urie Bronfenbrenner (Ури Бронфенбреннер), 1917–2005, Russian-born American developmental psychologist at Cornell, creator of ecological systems and bioecological (PPCT) theory and co-founder of Head Start.
Uses and gratifications theory
Uses and gratifications theory (U&G), also called UGT, is a communication theory by Katz, Blumler, and Gurevitch holding that active audiences select media to satisfy social and psychological needs, unlike strong-effects models.
Ute people
The Ute (Nuche, Núu-ci) are an Indigenous Shoshonean-speaking people of the Colorado and Utah mountains, once organized into bands such as the Mouache and Weenuchiu, now three federally recognized tribes: Southern Ute, Ute Mountain Ute, and Uintah-Ouray.
Uttawar forced sterilisations
Uttawar forced sterilisations: the 6 November 1976 police raid on the Meo Muslim village of Uttawar, Haryana, during India's Emergency, in which 180 of about 550 detained villagers were forcibly vasectomised, documented by the Shah Commission.
Uzbeks
Uzbeks (Oʻzbeklar) are a Turkic-speaking ethnic group native to Central Asia who form the majority of Uzbekistan and also live in large communities in Tajikistan and Afghanistan.
Vaccine Revolt
The Vaccine Revolt (Portuguese: Revolta da Vacina), also known as Quebra-Lampiões, was a popular uprising in Rio de Janeiro in November 1904 against a law making smallpox vaccination compulsory.
Vagueposting
Vagueposting, first named vaguebooking, is the practice of posting deliberately cryptic social media updates that hint at drama or feelings without context, usually to draw attention or sympathy.
Vaikom Satyagraha
Vaikom Satyagraha (30 March 1924 to 23 November 1925), Travancore nonviolent campaign led by T.K. Madhavan, Periyar E.V. Ramasamy, and guided by Gandhi, seeking lower-caste access to roads around the Vaikom Mahadeva temple; ended in compromise and preceded the 1936 Temple Entry Proclamation.
Val Plumwood
Val Plumwood (1939–2008), Australian ecofeminist philosopher, also published as Val Routley; critiqued human/nature dualism and rationalism in Feminism and the Mastery of Nature and Environmental Culture; survived a 1985 Kakadu crocodile attack.
Valence (psychology)
Valence (psychology): the pleasantness–unpleasantness dimension of emotion, paired with arousal in Russell's 1980 circumplex model; also Lewin's subjective value of goal objects; contested in definition.
Valerie Solanas
Valerie Solanas (1936-1988), American writer, author of the self-published SCUM Manifesto (1967) and founder of the one-member Society for Cutting Up Men; shot and critically wounded Andy Warhol on June 3, 1968.
Valet
Valet: a male personal servant attending one employer's wardrobe, dressing, packing, and confidential errands; from Middle French valet. Also hotel laundry staff and car-parking attendants; historically paired with butlers, now usually merged into one role.
Values clarification
Values clarification is a psychotherapeutic and educational method that helps people identify, examine, and prioritize their personal values, used in moral education, counseling, and acceptance and commitment therapy.
Van Jones
Van Jones (Anthony Kapel Jones, born 1968, Jackson, Tennessee) is an American CNN commentator, attorney, and social entrepreneur who founded the Ella Baker Center, Color of Change, Green for All, and Dream Corps, championed the Green Jobs Act of 2007 and First Step Act of 2018, and served briefly as Obama's green jobs adviser in 2009.
Van Lathan
Van Lathan Jr. is an American journalist, podcaster, and producer known for his 2018 on-air confrontation with Kanye West at TMZ, who hosts The Ringer's Higher Learning and produced the Oscar-winning short Two Distant Strangers.
Vanessa Bryant
Vanessa Marie Bryant, born Vanessa Urbieta Cornejo and previously known as Vanessa Laine, is an American philanthropist and widow of basketball star Kobe Bryant, whom she married in 2001.
Vanjari caste
Vanjari (Wanjari, Banjari, Laman) caste of Maharashtra and neighboring states, traditionally pack-bullock grain and salt carriers; now mainly agriculturists classified OBC, distinct from the Banjara denotified tribe.