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Twisleton-Wykeham-Fiennes family
Twisleton-Wykeham-Fiennes, an English compound surname joining the Twisleton, Wykeham, and Fiennes lines, tied to the barony of Saye and Sele, Broughton Castle, and to explorer Sir Ranulph Fiennes and actors Ralph and Joseph Fiennes.
Two-alternative forced choice
Two-alternative forced choice is a psychophysical paradigm in which an observer must identify which of two stimuli had the target property, used to measure sensory sensitivity and preference.
Two-child policy
Two-child policy: China's 2016 universal two-child policy (全面两孩), replacing the one-child policy, and Vietnam's 1988 two-child limit, abolished 2025; covers birth effects, sex ratio, and the 2021 three-child shift.
Two-factor theory
Herzberg's two-factor theory (motivation-hygiene theory), from The Motivation to Work (1959): motivators create satisfaction, hygiene factors only prevent dissatisfaction, as independent sets.
Two-nation theory
Two-nation theory (دو قومی نظریہ, do qaumī nazariya): the doctrine that Hindus and Muslims of the subcontinent are two separate nations, adopted by the Muslim League in the 1940 Lahore Resolution, justifying the 1947 partition of India and challenged by Bangladesh's 1971 secession.
Two-spirit
Two-spirit, often abbreviated 2S, is a pan-Indigenous umbrella term for diverse gender identities, sexual orientations, and spiritual roles, coined in 1990 at a gathering near Winnipeg, Manitoba.
Two-step task
The two-step task is a two-stage decision-making paradigm introduced by Daw and colleagues in 2011, the standard way to distinguish model-based from model-free reinforcement learning in human behavior.
Tyler Oliveira
Tyler Oliveira (born 2000) is an American YouTuber with over 8 million subscribers known for confrontational documentary-style street videos on drug crises, immigration, and cultural topics, and for controversies over selective editing and misleading framing.
Tyler Shultz
Tyler Shultz, Stanford-trained biologist and grandson of George Shultz, was the Theranos research engineer and whistleblower who exposed the $9 billion blood-testing fraud, then co-founded Flux Biosciences and Healthyr.
Type A and Type B personality theory
Type A and Type B personality theory: a behavioral typology from cardiologists Friedman and Rosenman's 1950s coronary heart disease research; Type A competitive and time-urgent, Type B relaxed; later largely narrowed to hostility.
Types of marriages
Types of marriages: anthropologists classify marriage as monogamy (including serial and same-sex marriage) or polygamy, with polygyny the common form, polyandry rare, and group marriage rare; legal regimes vary across 189 countries.
U-Haul lesbian
U-Haul lesbian: lesbian-culture slang and stereotype for moving in with a new partner almost immediately, from the Lea DeLaria second-date joke, popularized via her 1997 album Box Lunch and 1990s TV.
UCLA Loneliness Scale
The UCLA Loneliness Scale is a 20-item self-report questionnaire measuring subjective feelings of loneliness and social isolation, introduced by Russell, Peplau, and Ferguson in 1978 and revised in 1980 and 1996.
UFO photographs
UFO photographs: images offered as evidence of unidentified flying objects, from the 1947 Seattle weather-balloon photo to the 1950 McMinnville Trent photographs, analyzed through Condon Report protocols and modern image forensics.
Ufology
Ufology is the study of unidentified flying objects (UFOs), now often called UAP. Traced from the 1956 coinage and the 1947 Arnold and Roswell cases through Project Blue Book, NICAP and MUFON, to AARO and NASA reviews finding no extraterrestrial evidence.
Ugandan Asian return migration
Ugandan Asian return migration is the return, from the 1980s and 1990s onward, of South Asians expelled from Uganda by Idi Amin in 1972, along with property restitution.
Ukrainian emigration to Canada and the United States
Ukrainian emigration to Canada and the United States is the wave-based movement of Ukrainians to North America, bringing roughly 250,000 to the US and 170,000 to Canada by 1914.
Ukrainian national revival
The Ukrainian national revival (Українське національне відродження) was an 18th- and 19th-century movement in the Russian and Austro-Hungarian empires advocating national-cultural revival and nation formation.
Ukrainians (українці)
Ukrainians (українці) are the East Slavic nation native to Ukraine, speaking Ukrainian; formerly called Rusyns or Little Russians, they formed a nation-state only in the 20th century, with independence in 1991.
Ulch people
Ulch people (nani), Tungusic indigenous ethnic group of the lower Amur in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia; about 2,800 in 2010 census, with under 150 speakers of the Ulch language; fishing culture with shamanism and bear festival.
Ulster Scots people
Ulster Scots people are an ethnographic group in Ulster, chiefly Northern Ireland, descended from seventeenth-century Lowland Scottish Presbyterian settlers; also called Scots-Irish in the United States.
Umar Johnson
Umar Johnson (Umar Abdullah-Johnson, Umar Ifatunde), American psychologist and Pan-Africanist speaker, Millersville and PCOM PsyD 2012, author of Psycho-Academic Holocaust, founder of the delayed FDMG Academy in Wilmington, Delaware.
UN Women
UN Women (United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women), a UN agency created 2 July 2010 by merging four gender entities; operational 1 January 2011; first head Michelle Bachelet, current executive director Sima Bahous.
Uncanny
The uncanny (German das Unheimliche) is the unsettling feeling when the familiar turns strange, theorized by Ernst Jentsch in 1906 and Sigmund Freud's 1919 essay, later spreading into literary, film, and robotics research.
Uncle
Uncle: in English, the brother of a parent and, by extension, the husbands of parent's sisters. The word's coverage across kinship systems (Eskimo, Hawaiian, Iroquois, Sudanese, Crow, Omaha) shows how languages merge or distinguish father's brother, mother's brother, and affinal uncles.
Unconscious mind
The unconscious mind: mental processes outside explicit awareness. Distinguishes the Freudian psychoanalytic unconscious (a structure with repressed drives, repression) from the cognitive unconscious (automatic processing). Covers history, priming and subliminal evidence, neuroimaging findings, methodological debates, and clinical relevance.
Uncontacted peoples
Uncontacted peoples, or Indigenous peoples in voluntary isolation, live without sustained contact with outside society; about 196 groups in 10 countries, over 95% in the Amazon, face logging, mining, disease, and missionary threats.
Under the Banner of Heaven
Under the Banner of Heaven: A Story of Violent Faith, Jon Krakauer's 2003 true-crime book on the 1984 Lafferty murders, LDS Church response, 2022 FX/Hulu series.
Understanding
Understanding is the cognitive achievement of grasping how the parts of a subject relate, so one can explain, predict, and transfer that grasp, and is considered harder to acquire than knowledge.
Underwear fetishism
Underwear fetishism is sexual arousal focused on undergarments, a form of fetishism; it is fetishistic disorder under DSM-5/ICD only when recurrent over 6 months and causing distress or impairment.