6,078 articles
Capitol Hill Occupied Protest
Capitol Hill Occupied Protest (CHOP), also CHAZ, was a six-block police-free protest zone in Seattle lasting 23 days in June 2020 after police abandoned the East Precinct amid George Floyd protests; it ended in a July 1 sweep after deadly shootings.
Car-free movement
Car-free movement: advocacy and policy to reduce or exclude private cars from urban streets. Includes World Carfree Day (22 September), Oslo's Livability Programme, Paris's traffic reduction, and measured air, traffic and retail effects.
Carceral feminism
Carceral feminism, a term coined by Elizabeth Bernstein, criticizes feminist reliance on police, courts, and prisons against sexual and gendered violence; opposed by abolition feminism associated with Angela Davis and Mimi Kim.
Card sort
A card sort is a research task where participants group labeled cards by their own criteria, used in UX research for information architecture and in psychology as clinical tests like the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test.
Cardinal
Cardinal (Northern Cardinal, Cardinalis cardinalis; French Cardinal rouge): a crested North American songbird of family Cardinalidae; brilliant red male, brown female, non-migratory, state bird of seven US states.
Carl Benjamin
Carl Benjamin, aka Sargon of Akkad, is a British YouTuber and political commentator who rose during Gamergate, stood unsuccessfully for UKIP in the 2019 European elections, and directs the Lotus Eaters podcast.
Carl Jung
Carl Gustav Jung (1875–1961), Swiss psychiatrist and founder of analytical psychology; Burghölzli word-association researcher, Freud's collaborator until their 1913 break; concepts include the collective unconscious, archetypes, and individuation.
Carl Meredith Allen
Carl Meredith Allen (1925–1994), alias Carlos Miguel Allende, American merchant mariner of Springdale, Pennsylvania, who invented the Philadelphia Experiment legend in 1955–1956 letters to Morris K. Jessup and later confessed to the hoax.
Carlos Eduardo Espina
Carlos Eduardo Espina, Uruguayan-American immigration activist and Spanish-language TikTok creator with over 20 million followers; Vassar 2020, UNLV law 2024; founder of Migrantes Unidos; 2024 DNC speaker.
Caroline Ingalls
Caroline Ingalls (Caroline Lake Quiner Ingalls, 1839–1924), Wisconsin-born pioneer wife of Charles Ingalls and mother of Laura Ingalls Wilder; the real "Ma" of the Little House books, first De Smet settler.
Caroline Schermerhorn Astor
Caroline Schermerhorn Astor (1830–1908), "the Mrs. Astor," doyenne of Gilded Age New York society who with Ward McAllister curated the Four Hundred and was forced by Alva Vanderbilt's 1883 ball to admit new money.
Caroline Spencer, Countess Spencer
Caroline Spencer, Countess Spencer: Caroline Freud (née Hutton), British journalist, former PR professional and Althorp literary-festival leader ('Pidge'), second wife (2001-2007) of Charles Spencer, 9th Earl Spencer; distinct from the Duchess of Marlborough and Viscountess Clifden of the same name.
Carolyn Garcia
Carolyn Garcia (Mountain Girl), born 1946, née Carolyn Elizabeth Adams: Merry Prankster, Jerry Garcia's second wife, and the woman who won the 1997 Marin County probate ruling enforcing his $5 million divorce settlement.
Carrie Best
Carrie Best (1903–2001) was a Black Canadian journalist and civil rights activist from New Glasgow, Nova Scotia, who co-founded The Clarion and publicized Viola Desmond's 1946 case.
Carrie Nation
Carrie Nation (Carry A. Nation, 1846–1911), American temperance activist known as the saloon smasher who attacked Kansas bars with a hatchet, was arrested 30 times, sold souvenir hatchets, and lectured until 1911.
Casa Pia de Lisboa
Casa Pia de Lisboa is a Portuguese public institute founded in Lisbon in 1780 by Diogo Inácio de Pina Manique to educate vulnerable children and young people.
Case study
Case study: an in-depth investigation of a single person, group, event, or organization in its real-world context, using multiple data sources; a research design (not a method) associated with Yin and Stake, distinct from surveys, experiments, and clinical case reports.
Casta
Casta (Spanish/Portuguese for lineage) was the ancestry-based classification of colonial Latin America's sociedad de castas, ranking Spaniards, mestizos, and mixed groups, documented in casta paintings and softened by gracias al sacar exemptions.
Caste
Caste is birth-ascribed, endogamous social stratification, paradigmatic in South Asia through varna and jati, ranked by purity and pollution, with Dalits at the bottom, colonial-era rigidification, and continuing legal and diaspora debates.
Caste politics
Caste politics: mobilization of caste identity in Indian electoral politics, reservation policy, and the census. Covers colonial enumeration (1871-1931), the Mandal-era OBC politics, the 50% quota cap, and the 2025 caste census decision.
Caste system among South Asian Muslims
Caste system among South Asian Muslims: hierarchical, endogamous biradari stratification ranked as Ashraf (noble, foreign-origin), Ajlaf (convert commoners), and Arzal; shaped by kaf'aa marriage rules, regional variation, OBC reservation politics, and the Pasmanda movement.
Caste system in India
Caste system in India (jati, varna): hereditary social hierarchy with Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, Shudras, and Dalits outside; hardened under British census rule, banned in the 1950 constitution, addressed by reservations capped at 50%, and counted fully in the 2027 census.
Caste system in Kerala
Caste system in Kerala: the regional caste hierarchy of Malabar, Cochin and Travancore, marked by extreme distance pollution (300-foot rule), agrestic slavery, reformers like Ayyankali and Sree Narayana Guru, the 1924-25 Vaikom Satyagraha, and persisting Dalit land and education inequality.
Caste system in Nepal
Caste system in Nepal: hereditary caste hierarchy codified by the Muluki Ain of 1854 under Jang Bahadur Rana, with five categories including untouchable Dalits; discrimination now illegal but persistent.
Caste: The Origins of Our Discontents
Caste: The Origins of Our Discontents is Isabel Wilkerson's 2020 Random House bestseller arguing that US racism is a caste system, compared with India and Nazi Germany; adapted into Ava DuVernay's film Origin.
Casting couch
Casting couch: the practice of demanding sexual favors in exchange for entertainment roles, a Hollywood-era term (printed by Variety by 1937) now applied worldwide, central to #MeToo and casting reforms.
Castration anxiety
Castration anxiety, a Freudian psychoanalytic concept from the 1908 castration complex theory: a child's unconscious fear of genital loss as parental punishment, later broadened metaphorically, revised by Lacan, and criticized by feminists.
Castro District, San Francisco
The Castro, San Francisco's historically LGBTQ neighborhood also called Eureka Valley, centered on Castro Street between Market and 19th; home of Harvey Milk's Castro Camera, the Castro Theatre, Twin Peaks Tavern, and the 2019 LGBTQ Cultural District.
Casual dating
Casual dating is dating without expecting serious commitment, distinct from hookups, booty calls, and friends-with-benefits arrangements. Key facts: Pew 2023 shows 40% of dating-app users seek casual dating; outcome research finds lower relationship quality is explained by selectivity.
Casual sex
Casual sex, also called hooking up or uncommitted sexual encounters, is sex outside a committed relationship. Covers its forms, 1960s naming, emotional outcomes research, declining rates among US young adults, and STI prevention.