6,078 articles
Catafalque
Catafalque (Italian catafalco): raised, often draped platform on which a coffin or effigy rests during lying in state, or represents it in absence; includes the 1865 pine Lincoln catafalque and Westminster Hall's 2022 structure.
Catalans
Catalans (catalans) are the people identified with Catalonia and the Catalan-speaking lands; their Romance language, born 8th-10th centuries, underpins a medieval identity, 1714 institutional defeat, Francoist repression, and modern bilingual demographics.
Catastrophizing scale
A catastrophizing scale is a self-report questionnaire measuring exaggerated negative appraisals of pain or stress; the dominant instrument is the 13-item Pain Catastrophizing Scale, introduced in 1995.
Catawba people
Catawba people (Ye Iswa, "people of the river"): Piedmont Native American nation of the Catawba River valley; only federally recognized tribe in South Carolina, restored in 1993 with a $50 million settlement, over 3,300 citizens.
Catfishing
Catfishing is creating a false online identity to deceive someone, often romantically; also called romance scamming. Named from the 2010 documentary Catfish; FBI-reported US losses reached about $1 billion in 2021.
Catholic Church and homosexuality
Catholic Church and homosexuality: official teaching that homosexual acts are intrinsically disordered and the inclination objectively disordered, with respect and non-discrimination owed to persons; covers Catechism 2357–2359, CDF documents, seminary rules, and Fiducia supplicans blessings.
Cathy O'Brien (conspiracy theorist)
Cathy O'Brien (born 1957, Muskegon, Michigan), American conspiracy theorist and co-author of Trance Formation of America (1995) with Mark Phillips; claims CIA Project Monarch/MKUltra mind-control victimship, a claim the MKUltra record does not document.
Caucasian race
The Caucasian race, also known as Europid, is an obsolete racial classification of humans introduced by Johann Friedrich Blumenbach in the 1790s and rejected by modern genetics and biological anthropology.
Cayuga people
Cayuga people (Gayogo̱hó꞉nǫ', People of the Great Swamp), one of five original Haudenosaunee nations of the Finger Lakes, New York; displaced by the 1779 Sullivan-Clinton campaign, party to the 1794 Treaty of Canandaigua, with communities in New York, Ontario, and Oklahoma.
Cecile Richards
Cecile Richards (1957–2025), American political organizer and activist, president of Planned Parenthood Federation of America and Action Fund 2006–2018; daughter of Texas Governor Ann Richards; grew supporters from 3 to 11 million; later co-founded Supermajority; received the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2024.
Cecilia Gentili
Cecilia Gentili (1972–2024) was an Argentine-born transgender activist, author, and actress in New York City who directed policy at Gay Men's Health Crisis, founded Trans Equity Consulting, and acted in Pose.
Celebrity
Celebrity: widely known individuals whose fame is produced by mass media, from Garrick and the penny press to radio, TV, and social media; a decaying, recruit-hungry form of social status.
Celebrity sex tape
Celebrity sex tape: privately recorded sexual video of a famous person released publicly, usually without consent. Genre began with the stolen 1995 Pamela Anderson–Tommy Lee tape; later cases include Paris Hilton, Kim Kardashian, and the Hulk Hogan–Gawker lawsuit.
Celestial marriage
Celestial marriage, in LDS doctrine, is temple marriage for time and eternity, sealed by priesthood authority; historically the term also denoted plural marriage, ended by the 1890 Manifesto.
Celibacy
Celibacy (Latin caelibatus) is the state of being unmarried and abstaining from sexual relations, practiced in Christianity, Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism; Latin-rite Catholic priests must be celibate since the 11th-12th century, while Eastern churches allow married priests.
Celtic League
Celtic League: pan-Celtic political and cultural association founded in 1961 at Rhosllannerchrugog, Wales, campaigning for the political, linguistic and cultural rights of Ireland, Scotland, Wales, Brittany, Cornwall and the Isle of Man; distinct from the non-political Celtic Congress; publishes Carn and holds UN NGO status.
Celts (modern)
Modern Celts are the peoples of Ireland, Scotland, Wales, Cornwall, Man, and Brittany, defined by Celtic languages and an identity built since Lhuyd's 1707 linguistic classification, Romantic Celticism, the Irish Revival, and Pan-Celticism.
Censorship by Google
Censorship by Google covers content removal, restriction, demotion, and demonetization on Google Search and YouTube, covering policy scope, enforcement scale, LGBTQ disputes, misinformation reversals, and legal removals.
Census
Census: the official periodic count of a country's population and housing, defined by individual enumeration, universality, simultaneity, and periodicity. Covers ancient origins, traditional, register-based, and combined methods, uses, coverage error, and privacy protection such as differential privacy.
Census in Australia
The Census in Australia, formally the Census of Population and Housing, is a compulsory five-yearly count of every person and household run by the Australian Bureau of Statistics.
Census in British India
Census in British India: the decennial colonial population counts from the non-synchronous 1872 census through the first synchronous 1881 census to the last in 1941, centered on religion and caste enumeration, Risley's anthropometry, and the Gait Circular.
Census of India (भारत की जनगणना)
Census of India (भारत की जनगणना), the decennial national population count run by the Registrar General under the Home Ministry since 1881 (first attempt 1872); Census 2027 is the first digital census with caste enumeration, after the 2021 round was postponed by COVID-19.
Centenarian
Centenarian: a person aged 100 or older; supercentenarian at 110+. Verified record Jeanne Calment, 122; UN estimated 451,000 centenarians in 2015; survival past 100 halves yearly; no proven lifespan cap.
Central American migrant caravans
Central American migrant caravans are large groups of migrants, mostly from Guatemala, Honduras, and El Salvador, who travel together through Mexico toward the United States border.
Central Park birdwatching incident
Central Park birdwatching incident, also called the Amy Cooper or Central Park Karen case: May 25, 2020 confrontation in which Amy Cooper falsely told 911 that Black birdwatcher Christian Cooper was threatening her after he asked her to leash her dog; she was fired, charged, and the charge was later dismissed.
Chad (slang)
Chad is English internet slang for an attractive, confident, sexually successful "alpha male," born in 1990s Chicago slang and reshaped by the 2013 Chad Thundercock and 2017 Virgin vs. Chad memes.
Chad Varah
Chad Varah (Edward Chad Varah, 1911–2007), Anglican priest and founder of the Samaritans, the 1953 London crisis telephone helpline for people considering suicide, pioneer of confidential volunteer befriening spread worldwide via Befrienders International.
Chagossians
Chagossians: Indigenous people of the Chagos Archipelago (Ilois), removed 1965-1973 for the Diego Garcia base; diaspora of about 10,000 in Mauritius, UK, Seychelles; 2019 ICJ opinion, 2022 UK citizenship route, 2025 UK-Mauritius sovereignty treaty.
Chaitanya Raj Singh (चैतन्य राज सिंह)
Chaitanya Raj Singh (चैतन्य राज सिंह), 44th Maharawal of Jaisalmer since 2021 and head of the Bhati Rajputs; SOAS-educated social entrepreneur behind Everest Eco Hemp, the GYAAN Center, and the NCERT map correction.
Chakma people
The Chakmas are a Buddhist ethnic community of the Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh, with populations in Mizoram, Tripura, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, and Myanmar; historically a kingdom, reduced to a Circle under British rule, affected by the 1947 partition award to Pakistan and the 1997 CHT Accord.