6,078 articles
Cheek kissing
Cheek kissing, or la bise, is a greeting of touching cheeks with an air kiss, common in Europe, Latin America, and the Middle East; kiss counts range from one to four and vary by region, gender norms, and city-level laterality.
Cheerleader effect
Cheerleader effect, or group attractiveness effect: the finding that a face looks more attractive in a group than alone, named from How I Met Your Mother and confirmed by Walker and Vul in 2014.
Chelsea Manning
Chelsea Manning (born 1987), formerly Bradley Manning, is an American former Army intelligence analyst who leaked hundreds of thousands of classified documents to WikiLeaks in 2010, was sentenced to 35 years in 2013, and was released in 2017 after Obama commuted her sentence.
Chelsi Smith
Chelsi Smith (Chelsi Mariam Pearl Smith, 1973-2018), American actress, singer, and beauty queen; Miss Texas 1994, Miss USA 1995, and Miss Universe 1995 crowned in Windhoek, Namibia; died of liver cancer at 45; Miss USA's Congeniality Award now honors her.
Cherokee
The Cherokee (ᏣᎳᎩ) are an Iroquoian-speaking Native American people of the southeastern United States. Three federally recognized tribes survive, led by the Cherokee Nation in Tahlequah, Oklahoma, with over 470,000 citizens, a 7,000-square-mile Oklahoma reservation, and the 1838 Trail of Tears removal in its history.
Cherokee Nation
Cherokee Nation (ᏣᎳᎩ ᎠᏰᎵ), the largest of the three federally recognized Cherokee tribes, is a sovereign tribal government in northeastern Oklahoma with over 450,000 citizens, Dawes Rolls-based citizenship, a 14-county reservation, and a constitutional government under a 1976 constitution.
Cheryl Thomas
Cheryl Thomas is a Minneapolis human rights lawyer, founder of Global Rights for Women (2014) and former director of the Women's Human Rights Program at The Advocates for Human Rights; distinct from UCL jury scholar Cheryl Thomas.
Cheung Wing-sing (张永成)
Cheung Wing-sing (张永成, Zhāng Yǒngchéng, 1897–1960) was the wife of Wing Chun grandmaster Ip Man, mother of Yip Chun and Yip Ching, and a central character in the Ip Man film series.
Cheyenne
The Cheyenne (Tsitsistas/Suhtai) are a Central Algonquian-speaking Plains Indian people of Wyoming, Colorado, Nebraska, and Kansas, now the Northern Cheyenne Tribe of Montana and the Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes of Oklahoma.
Chhetri (क्षेत्री)
Chhetri (क्षेत्री, also Kshetri, Chettri) is Nepal's largest caste/ethnic group: 4,796,995 people, 16.45% in the 2021 census, descended from the Khas people and titled Chhetri by the Muluki Ain of 1853-54.
Chicago rat hole
The Chicago rat hole was a rodent-shaped animal imprint on a sidewalk at 1918 W Roscoe St, Roscoe Village, viral from January 2024 after Winslow Dumaine's X post; removed April 2024, and a 2025 study found it was made by a squirrel.
Chicano
Chicano: identity label for US-born Mexican Americans, reclaimed in the 1960s-1970s Chicano civil rights movement from a formerly derogatory term; related forms Chicana, Chicanx, Xicano; decline in general discourse by the late 1970s.
Chickasaw
The Chickasaw are a Muskogean-speaking Native American people of the Southeast, historically of northern Mississippi and adjacent states, now the Chickasaw Nation in Oklahoma; smallest of the Five Civilized Tribes, removed in 1837.
Chico Xavier
Chico Xavier, born Francisco Cândido Xavier (1910–2002), was a Brazilian Spiritist medium who psychographed over 400 books, donated all royalties to charity, and was twice nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize.
Chief Joseph
Chief Joseph (Hinmatóowyalahtq̓it, ca. 1840–1904) led the non-treaty Nez Perce Wallowa band; his 1877 surrender message "I will fight no more forever" at Bear Paw is the best-known but textually contested Native American speech.
Chief Rabbi
Chief Rabbi: the senior state-recognized rabbinic authority of a country or major Jewish community, from the Ottoman ḥakham bashi (hahambashi) of 1835 and Haim Nahum's 1909 election to Israel's two-office Chief Rabbinate and Britain's 1845 Chief Rabbi.
Chief Seattle
Chief Seattle (Si'ahl, c. 1780s-1866), Duwamish and Suquamish leader and namesake of Seattle, Washington, signed the 1855 Point Elliott Treaty; the famous environmental speech attributed to him is largely a later fabrication.
Child abandonment
Child abandonment is the relinquishment of parental responsibility for a child, historically called expositio in Roman law. Known through foundling hospitals since 787 CE, the London Foundling Hospital, and modern US safe-haven laws, baby boxes, and confidential-birth alternatives.
Child Behavior Checklist
The Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) is a standardized parent questionnaire rating children's behavioral and emotional problems, introduced by Thomas Achenbach and Craig Edelbrock in 1983.
Child development
Child development: the progression of children's physical, cognitive, emotional, and social capabilities from before birth onward. Also called developmental science; distinguished by gene-environment-time interaction, sensitive periods, and ECDI global measurement.
Child development stages
Child development stages are age bands (early childhood 0–5, middle childhood 6–10, adolescence 11–18) used to describe and monitor childhood development, with CDC milestones, AAP screening schedules, and stage theories like Piaget's.
Child discipline
Child discipline covers non-violent methods such as limits, praise, and consequences, and corporal punishment, which WHO and the AAP advise against: 1.2 billion children are physically punished at home yearly, with no positive outcomes shown.
Child marriage
Child marriage: formal or informal marriage or union involving someone under 18, also called early or forced marriage. About 650 million women and girls alive today were married as children; prevalence is 19 percent among women aged 20-24, highest in sub-Saharan Africa, and only 38 countries ban it without exceptions.
Child marriage in India
Child marriage in India: marriage below legal ages of 18 for women and 21 for men under the PCMA 2006. 23% of women 20–24 married before 18 (NFHS-5); India holds a third of world child brides; drivers are poverty and low education.
Child marriage in the United States
Child marriage in the United States is the legal practice of marrying before 18, producing an estimated 314,154 married minors from 2000 to 2021, mostly girls wed to adult men.
Child Marriage Restraint Act
Child Marriage Restraint Act 1929, also called the Sarda Act, was British India's first minimum-age-of-marriage law: 14 for girls, 18 for boys, fines and short imprisonment, amended 1938, 1948, 1978, repealed by the 2006 Prohibition Act.
Child neglect
Child neglect is the failure of a caregiver to meet a child's basic physical and emotional needs. Also called negligent treatment, it is the maltreatment category most often recorded by child protection agencies, with estimated global prevalence of 163 per 1,000 children for physical and 184 for emotional neglect.
Child prodigy
Child prodigy: a child reaching adult-expert, professional-level achievement before age 10, mainly in rule-based domains like music, mathematics, art, and chess; distinct from tested giftedness, with elevated working memory and possible autism-family links.
Child protection
Child protection comprises systems and services preventing and responding to violence, exploitation, neglect, and abuse of children. Key facts: UNICEF definition, WHO's 1 billion violence estimate, institutional versus foster care outcomes, and humanitarian strain.
Child sexuality
Child sexuality: the sexual behaviors, feelings, and cognitions of children, also called problematic sexual behavior (PSB) when developmentally inappropriate or harmful in children 12 and under; meta-analysis of 47 samples links it most strongly to externalizing symptoms (g=.95) and sexual abuse (g=.71).