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Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes
The Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes (CSKT, Séliš, Ql̓ispé, Ksanka) unite three tribes on Montana's Flathead Reservation under the 1855 Hellgate Treaty, governed by a ten-member council with a 2015 water rights compact.
Confederation of Indigenous Nationalities of Ecuador
The Confederation of Indigenous Nationalities of Ecuador, CONAIE, is Ecuador's national umbrella organization of indigenous peoples, founded in 1986 and known for the 1990 indigenous uprising.
Confederation Riots
The Confederation Riots were an 1876 outbreak of violence in Barbados, where African-Barbadian laborers plundered plantations and ended a British plan to confederate the island with the Windward Islands.
Confidence
Confidence: belief in one's own abilities and judgment (self-confidence), trust placed in others, and graded certainty about one's judgments; distinguished from self-esteem and self-efficacy, with calibration and overconfidence research.
Confirmation bias
Confirmation bias, also called myside bias, is the tendency to seek, interpret, and remember information that supports existing beliefs while discounting contradictory evidence. Peter Wason first demonstrated it experimentally in 1960.
Conflict resolution
Conflict resolution: the process and interdisciplinary field (conflict analysis and resolution, peace research) by which disputing parties reach agreement through negotiation, mediation, arbitration, and UN Charter peaceful-settlement methods.
Conflict Tactics Scale
The Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS) is a self-report questionnaire measuring how family members or intimate partners handle conflict, scoring reasoning, verbal aggression, and physical violence.
Conformity
Conformity is the adjustment of opinions or actions to match others or group norms, driven by normative and informational influence, studied since Asch's 1951 line experiments and applied in social norms interventions.
Conga mining conflict
The Conga mining conflict was a dispute over a proposed gold and copper mine in Cajamarca, Peru, pitting Minera Yanacocha against communities over water, peaking in deadly 2012 protests.
Congo Reform Association
The Congo Reform Association was a British campaigning organization founded by E. D. Morel in 1904 to end King Leopold II's rule over the Congo Free State.
Congress of Racial Equality
The Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), founded in Chicago in 1942 by James Farmer, George Houser, and others from the Fellowship of Reconciliation, was an interracial civil rights organization that pioneered nonviolent direct action, sit-ins, the 1947 Journey of Reconciliation, the 1961 Freedom Rides, and Freedom Summer, before shifting to Black Power in 1966 under Floyd McKissick.
Conners 3rd Edition
The Conners 3rd Edition (Conners 3) is a set of parent, teacher, and self-report rating scales used to assess ADHD in children and adolescents aged 6 to 18.
Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale
The Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) is a proprietary 25-item self-report questionnaire measuring resilience, developed at Duke University by Kathryn Connor and Jonathan Davidson, published in 2003.
Conrad Hilton Jr.
Conrad Nicholson "Nicky" Hilton Jr. (1926-1969), American socialite, hotel heir, and Hilton international division manager; oldest son of founder Conrad Hilton and first husband of Elizabeth Taylor.
Consanguinity
Consanguinity (close-kin marriage, second cousins or closer): about 10.4% of the global population; first-cousin unions carry an inbreeding coefficient of 1/16 and roughly double congenital disorder risk, with practice concentrated in MENA and South Asia.
Conservation (psychology)
Conservation (Piagetian conservation) is the developmental-psychology understanding that quantity stays constant when appearance changes. Children master it around age 7, in the concrete operational stage; simplified and cross-cultural studies revised Piaget's timing.
Consistent life ethic
Consistent life ethic (seamless garment, whole life): ethical position opposing abortion, euthanasia, assisted suicide, capital punishment, and unjust war; named by Cardinal Joseph Bernardin's 1983 Fordham lecture.
Conspicuous consumption
Conspicuous consumption is the public display of goods, services, or experiences to signal wealth and social status. Coined by Veblen in The Theory of the Leisure Class (1899), now studied largely as status signaling on social media.
Conspiracy theory
A conspiracy theory, also called conspiracist ideation, is an explanation alleging a secret plot by powerful groups, typically lacking adequate evidence and linked to reduced institutional trust.
Constitution Day (Norway)
Constitution Day (Norway), also Syttende Mai, Nasjonaldagen, or Grunnlovsdagen, is Norway's national day on 17 May, marking the 1814 Eidsvoll Constitution, celebrated with children's parades, bunads, and flags rather than military displays.
Constricted affect
Constricted affect, also called restricted affect (ICD-11 MB24.60), is a mildly reduced range or intensity of displayed emotion in the mental status exam, the mildest grade on the spectrum running through blunted to flat affect.
Constructivist grounded theory
Constructivist grounded theory is a qualitative research methodology, developed by Kathy Charmaz, that builds theory iteratively while treating categories as co-constructed by researcher and participants.
Contempt
Contempt: a negative emotion of looking down on a person or group judged inferior, marked by distancing and derogation. Key facts: unilateral lip-curl expression, contested universality, Gottman's strongest divorce predictor, distinct from anger and disgust.
Content analysis
Content analysis: a systematic research method for classifying recorded communication (texts, speeches, media) into categories via coding, in quantitative and qualitative forms, used across social sciences.
Content and language integrated learning
Content and language integrated learning (CLIL) is a dual-focused educational approach in which an additional language is used to teach both school subjects and that language.
Content validity
Content validity is the degree to which a test's items are relevant to and representative of its intended construct, judged by expert panels before data collection.
Continental Baths
Continental Baths, a gay bathhouse in the Ansonia Hotel basement, New York, 1968 to mid-1970s, founded by Steve Ostrow; launched Bette Midler, Barry Manilow, DJs Knuckles, and Levan.
Continuous performance task
The continuous performance task (CPT) is a neuropsychological test in which a respondent watches a stream of stimuli and responds to targets, used mainly in ADHD assessment.
Continuous theta burst stimulation
Continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) is a transcranial magnetic stimulation protocol delivering rapid three-pulse bursts that transiently suppress cortical excitability, first reported in the human motor cortex in 2005.
Control (psychology)
Control (psychology): perceived or actual capacity to influence events and one's behavior, also called perceived control, locus of control, mastery, or agency; spans Rotter's locus of control, learned helplessness, and control theory.