6,078 articles
Comic Relief
Comic Relief (registered as Charity Projects) is a British charity founded in 1985 that raises funds through comedy, chiefly its Red Nose Day telethon, and distributes grants to fight poverty in the UK and worldwide.
Coming of age
Coming of age is the transition from childhood to adult status, marked by rites of passage with van Gennep's three-stage structure (separation, liminality, reincorporation) and by social milestones such as work, marriage, and independent living, which have shifted in the United States from family formation toward economic independence.
Coming out
Coming out is the process of disclosing one's LGBTQ+ sexual orientation or gender identity, a developmental process shaped by minority stress, with falling disclosure ages, generally positive outcomes, and distinct online dynamics.
Commons
Commons are shared resources, from medieval pastures to forests, fisheries, urban spaces, and open data, governed by user communities through institutional arrangements; Elinor Ostrom's eight design principles and 2009 Nobel Prize anchor the field.
Communalism in Mauritius
Communalism in Mauritius is the organization of political and social life around caste, class, language, and religious allegiances, embedded in a constitution requiring candidates to declare one of four communities.
Communication
Communication: transmission of meaning between senders and receivers through encoded messages, channels, noise, decoding, and feedback. Covers process models, signs versus symbols, interpersonal and group communication, theory history, and communication research themes.
Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scales
The Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scales (CSBS) are standardized instruments measuring early social, speech, and symbolic communication in infants and toddlers, identifying children at risk for communication impairment.
Communication studies
Communication studies, also called communication sciences or communication research, is the academic field studying how people create, share, and interpret meaning through language, nonverbal cues, and media.
Communication theory
Communication theory: frameworks describing how messages are sent, interpreted, and answered. Covers Shannon-Weaver's 1948 linear model, Berlo's 1960 SMCR, and the interactional and transactional models with feedback and simultaneous exchange.
Community
Community (sociology): a group sharing activities, experiences, and belonging, from Tönnies's Gemeinschaft/Gesellschaft dichotomy to place-, interest-, and practice-based types and today's online communities.
Community development
Community development is a practice-based profession and academic discipline that promotes participative democracy, sustainable development, and social justice by organizing, educating, and empowering communities; its roots reach back over a century.
Community mapping
Community mapping is a participatory research method in which community members collaboratively create maps of local assets, resources, and issues, used in public health, land-use planning, and disaster risk work.
Community of practice
A community of practice (CoP) is a group whose members share a concern, set of problems, or passion, and deepen their knowledge through regular interaction, a concept developed by Jean Lave and Etienne Wenger.
Community organization
Community organization builds collective power among residents and institutions so ordinary people can act on shared problems; it began with Saul Alinsky's Back of the Yards council in Chicago and now spans health, coalitions, and digital organizing.
Community Resources
Community resources: the financial, material, and human assets of a community (MeSH D000091444) that can improve quality of life; central to asset-based development, needs and assets assessment, and resource mapping.
Comparison of online dating services
Comparison of online dating services: Match.com, eHarmony, OkCupid, Tinder, Hinge, and Bumble differ in matching method, freemium pricing, ownership (Match Group versus Bumble), user demographics, harassment rates, and safety practices.
Compartmentalization (psychology)
Compartmentalization in psychology: the separation of mental content, dissociative states, role identities, or moral and performance judgments into non-communicating compartments; distinct clinical form of dissociation versus detachment and a moral-decoupling concept in organizational ethics.
Compassion fatigue
Compassion fatigue, also called secondary traumatic stress, is emotional exhaustion and reduced empathy in caregivers exposed to others' suffering; coined by Joinson in 1992 and formalized by Figley in 1995, measured mainly by the ProQOL scale.
Compassion Scale
The Compassion Scale is a 16-item self-report questionnaire measuring compassion toward others, built by Elizabeth Pommier and Kristin Neff as an other-directed counterpart to the Self-Compassion Scale.
Competition model
The competition model is a psycholinguistic theory in which sentence comprehension and production arise from competition among weighted cues linking linguistic forms to their functions.
Complementarianism
Complementarianism is a Christian theological view that men and women are equal in worth but have distinct, God-ordained roles, with male headship in home and church. Also called the hierarchical position; opposed to Christian egalitarianism; formalized by CBMW's 1988 Danvers Statement.
Compton's Cafeteria riot
The Compton's Cafeteria riot was an August 1966 uprising by trans women, drag queens, and sex workers against police harassment at a 24-hour Tenderloin diner in San Francisco, three years before Stonewall, rediscovered by historian Susan Stryker.
Compulsory heterosexuality
Compulsory heterosexuality, from Adrienne Rich's 1980 essay 'Compulsory Heterosexuality and Lesbian Existence' in Signs, is the feminist claim that heterosexuality is an imposed institution, not a natural default, involving male identification and the lesbian continuum.
Compulsory sterilization
Compulsory sterilization is surgical sterilization without a person's informed consent, ordered by a state and now recognized as a human rights violation.
Computerized adaptive testing
Computerized adaptive testing (CAT) is an assessment method in which a computer selects each question to match the examinee's ability, cutting test length by at least 50% without losing precision.
Concealed information test
The concealed information test (CIT), formerly called the guilty knowledge test, is a psychophysiological memory-detection method measuring recognition of crime details through skin conductance, respiration, heart rate, or brain responses.
Concentric zone model
Concentric zone model, or Burgess model, is Ernest Burgess's 1925 Chicago School model of urban growth as five rings radiating from a central business district, from the transition zone to the commuter zone, later challenged by Hoyt's sector and Harris–Ullman multiple nuclei models.
Concubinage
Concubinage, from Latin concubina, is cohabitation as married persons without full legal marriage. Covers Roman law status, medieval church tolerance, Council of Trent abolition, Islamic and Chinese concubinage, and modern French and Mexican inheritance law.
Conduct disorder
Conduct disorder (conduct-dissocial disorder, ICD-11) is a childhood/adolescent psychiatric disorder of aggression, property destruction, deceitfulness, and rule violation, often comorbid with ADHD, leading to antisocial personality disorder, treated mainly with parenting programmes and multisystemic therapy.
Confabulation
Confabulation, also called honest lying, is unintentional false memory production in which gaps in recall are filled with fabrications accepted as fact. Seen chiefly in Korsakoff's syndrome and frontal lobe dysfunction, without intent to deceive.