6,078 articles
Ethnology
Ethnology is the branch of anthropology that compares different cultures and customs. It uses ethnographic data to formulate theories about human social life and cultural differences.
Ethnoreligious group
An ethnoreligious group is a community in which ethnic and religious identity are closely linked, membership resting on shared practice rather than personal belief; examples include Jews, Druze, and Sikhs.
Eugene Allen
Eugene Allen (1919–2010) was a White House butler and maître d' for 34 years, serving eight presidents from Truman to Reagan. His life inspired Lee Daniels' The Butler, whose Cecil Gaines family is largely fictional.
Eugene Landy
Eugene Landy (1934-2006), American psychologist known for "24-hour therapy" and his controversial treatment, business partnership, and songwriting credits with Beach Boy Brian Wilson; lost his California license in 1989.
Eugenics
Eugenics, also called racial hygiene, is the discredited theory of improving humans through selective breeding. Coined by Galton in 1883; drove US sterilization laws and Nazi forced sterilization programs.
Eunice Kennedy Shriver
Eunice Kennedy Shriver (1921-2009), sister of President John F. Kennedy and wife of Sargent Shriver, founded the Special Olympics in 1968 after starting Camp Shriver in 1962, and received the 1984 Presidential Medal of Freedom.
Eunuch
A eunuch is a castrated man who served in royal harems and courts, with the practice recorded for over 3,000 years in China, Persia, Byzantium, and the Ottoman Empire.
Euphoria
Euphoria is an intensely elevated mood of happiness or well-being, from Greek euphoros (bearing well). A medical term since 1727, it marks mania and hypomania, drug effects, and dopamine-linked reward, distinct from ordinary happiness.
Eureka effect
Eureka effect, or Aha! experience, the sudden insightful solution of a problem, studied since Gestalt psychology; linked to right temporal lobe activity, higher solution accuracy, and resistance to cognitive load.
Eurobarometer
Eurobarometer is the European Union's official public opinion survey program, interviewing about 27,000 residents across all member states twice a year to track attitudes toward European integration.
European Americans
European Americans are Americans of European descent. Covers ethnic identity research, the implicit American=White effect, assimilation history of 30 million European immigrants, and census ancestry reporting.
European immigration to Argentina
The mass arrival of European immigrants, above all Italians and Spaniards, that transformed Argentina's demography and economy between roughly 1870 and 1930, peaking in 1914 when 30% of residents were foreign-born.
Eustace Conway
Eustace Robinson Conway IV (born 1961), American naturalist and survivalist who left home at 17 for the Appalachians, founded Turtle Island Preserve near Boone, North Carolina, in 1987, and was the subject of Elizabeth Gilbert's 2002 book The Last American Man and the TV series Mountain Men.
Eustress
Eustress is a positive stress response to worthwhile tasks, contrasting with negative distress. It produces a sense of achievement and can facilitate growth and high performance.
Evangelos Zappas
Evangelos Zappas (Ευάγγελος Ζάππας), also written Evangelis Zappas, was a Greek merchant and philanthropist who financed the first Olympic revivals in Athens from 1859 and endowed the Zappeion exhibition hall.
Evelyn Einstein
Evelyn Einstein (1941-2011), adopted daughter of Hans Albert and granddaughter by adoption of Albert Einstein; anthropologist, HUAC protester, litigant in the $15 million family correspondence trust suit, and critic of the Hebrew University's Einstein merchandising.
Evil
Evil: in philosophy, the morally worst sort of wrongdoing, action, or character (narrow sense) versus any bad state of affairs (broad sense); in psychology, studied via moral disengagement, dehumanization, and the contested Milgram and Stanford Prison Experiment findings.
Evolutionary psychology
Evolutionary psychology, also known as Evo-psych, studies the human mind and behavior as adaptations shaped by natural selection, emerging as a distinct field in the late 1980s.
Ewe people
The Ewe are a Gbe-speaking West African people of southeastern Ghana, southern Togo, and southern Benin; language Ewe (Eʋegbe), migration tradition Ketu–Tado–Notsie exodus under King Agorkoli, Hogbetsotso festival, and transborder chieftaincy.
Exceptional memory
Exceptional memory covers trained mnemonic skill (memory athletes, method of loci) and spontaneous superior recall such as HSAM or hyperthymesia, first described in 2006; trained cases show no brain-anatomy differences, HSAM shows normal cognition with false memories.
Exceptionalism
Exceptionalism is the claim, made by or about a nation or group, that it is morally superior to comparable others, a concept best developed for the United States.
Exhibitionistic disorder
Exhibitionistic disorder (ICD-11 6D30; DSM-5 302.4) is a paraphilic disorder marked by recurrent intense arousal from exposing genitals to unsuspecting, nonconsenting people, causing distress, impairment, or harm.
Exogamy
Exogamy is the rule or custom of marrying outside a defined group (clan, lineage, village, caste, or language group), contrasted with endogamy. Key facts: alliance theory, Tylor's 1889 cross-cultural study, and variable genetic effects.
Expansive learning
Expansive learning is a theory of learning, within cultural-historical activity theory, in which a group constructs new knowledge and practices by resolving contradictions in its own work or study.
Expatriate
Expatriate: a person living outside their country of origin, usually temporarily and often on corporate assignment; also called expat. Distinguished from migrant by privilege, and critiqued in migration scholarship as a postcolonial, racially asymmetric category.
Expatriates in the United Arab Emirates
Expatriates in the UAE, about 8.7 million migrant workers over 80 percent of residents, live under the kafala sponsorship system; key issues include heat exposure, wage theft, and labor reforms.
Expectancy theory
Expectancy theory, or VIE theory, is Victor Vroom's 1964 work-motivation model in which motivational force equals expectancy times instrumentality times valence, with noted empirical criticisms.
Expectation confirmation model
The expectation confirmation model (ECM) is a survey-based theory in information systems research explaining why users continue or stop using a technology after initial adoption.
Experimental psychology
Experimental psychology: scientific study of behavior and mental processes via controlled experiments; founded as a discipline by Wilhelm Wundt's 1879 Leipzig laboratory; topics include sensation, perception, memory, cognition; known for internal-versus-external validity trade-offs and replication-crisis debates.
Experimenter (film)
Experimenter is a 2015 American biographical drama written and directed by Michael Almereyda, starring Peter Sarsgaard, Winona Ryder, and Jim Gaffigan, about Stanley Milgram's 1961 Yale obedience experiments.