6,078 articles
Gender
Gender is the set of socially constructed characteristics, norms, and roles associated with being a woman, man, girl, or boy. These concepts vary across societies.
Gender and development
Gender and development (GAD) is a development approach focused on socially constructed gender relations, evolving from WID and WAD phases, anchored in the 1995 Beijing Platform, and tracked through SDG 5 indicators.
Gender bender
Gender bender: informal term, sometimes pejorative, for a person or performance that bends expected gender roles through androgyny, cross-dressing, or costume; also a manga genre of sex-changing characters such as Ranma ½.
Gender bias on Wikipedia
Gender bias on Wikipedia covers the male-dominated editor community (roughly 13-16% women historically, 87% male in a 2020 survey) and content gaps: only about 19% of biographies are of women, with disparities in length, images, titles, and deletion review.
Gender binary
Gender binary: the social system treating sex (male/female) and gender (masculine/feminine) as two opposite, nonoverlapping categories; most but not all societies use it, many cultures recognize third or fourth genders, and its scope is contested in science, measurement, and law.
Gender equality
Gender equality: equal rights, responsibilities and opportunities for women and men and girls and boys (UN definition). Also SDG 5. UN reports put full equality 171 years away; women hold 27.4% of parliamentary seats.
Gender fluidity
Gender fluidity is change over time in a person's gender identity or gender expression; a genderfluid person may identify as male, female, non-binary, or no gender.
Gender identity
Gender identity is a person's internal sense of their own gender, distinct from sex assigned at birth, gender expression, and sexual orientation; coined in 1960s sexology (Money, Stoller) and now defined by WHO, APA, and CIHR guidance.
Gender inequality
Gender inequality is the unequal treatment, access, and outcomes experienced by people based on sex or gender, in work, education, health, and safety, with women typically most affected.
Gender inequality in India
Gender inequality in India covers legal, economic, health, and political disparities between women and men: 929 sex ratio at birth, women earning about three-fourths of male wages, 15.1% parliamentary seats, and the 2023 one-third seat reservation law.
Gender Inequality Index
The Gender Inequality Index (GII) is a UNDP composite index measuring gender inequality in reproductive health, empowerment, and the labour market, scored 0 to 1, introduced in the 2010 Human Development Report.
Gender neutrality
Gender neutrality: policies, laws, language, and spaces not associated with either women or men. Covers EIGE's definition, neutral drafting in UK and Canadian legislation, US courts' facial-neutrality standard, singular they, and neutrality versus inclusivity critiques.
Gender reveal party
Gender reveal party: a celebration, popularized by Jenna Karvunidis's 2008 blog cake, where expectant parents stage a pink-or-blue disclosure of fetal sex; criticized for conflating sex with gender and linked to wildfires and injuries.
Gender role
Gender role: socially defined behaviors and responsibilities deemed appropriate for men or women; distinguished from gender identity (Money & Ehrhardt), explained by social role theory, historically persistent, and measured by scales such as the AWS and BSRI.
Gender roles in Islam
Gender roles in Islam: rights and responsibilities of men and women under the Quran, fiqh, and custom. Covers qiwamah (Quran 4:34), Musawah, Islamic feminism, KUPI women ulama, and cross-country variation.
Gender studies
Gender studies: interdisciplinary academic field examining gender and its intersection with race, class, sexuality; grew from 1970s women's studies, includes masculinity and queer studies, intersectionality; distinct from feminist activism.
Gender transition
Gender transition: the individualized process by which transgender people align life, body, and documents with gender identity, through social, medical (hormones, puberty blockers, surgery), and legal steps; medicalized since 1920s Berlin, adolescent care since the 1998 Dutch Protocol.
Gender Trouble
Gender Trouble (1990), Judith Butler's Routledge book on feminism and the subversion of identity, introduced gender performativity, argued gender does not follow from sex, and became foundational to queer theory.
Gender-critical feminism
Gender-critical feminism, also called anti-trans feminism or TERFism, holds that womanhood is defined by immutable biological sex and opposes trans inclusion; roots in 1970s radical feminism, catalyzed by the 2018 UK GRA reform debate, and validated by the 2025 UK Supreme Court ruling.
Gender-neutral language
Gender-neutral language avoids specifying or presuming gender, replacing generic masculine forms like 'he' and 'man'. Singular 'they' dates to circa 1350; over 200 invented pronouns exist; Merriam-Webster recognized nonbinary 'they' in 2019.
Genealogy
Genealogy, the study of family ancestry and descent, spans paper, microfilm, digital, and DNA eras; now a billion-dollar hobby using consumer DNA tests and investigative genetic genealogy in criminal cases.
Generación de los 60
Generación de los 60 is the group of Salvadoran writers and poets who came of age in the 1960s, the most visible phase of the Generación Comprometida.
General Health Questionnaire
The General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) is a self-report screening questionnaire that detects probable anxiety and depression in community and primary-care settings, in versions from 12 to 60 items.
Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale
The Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE) is a 10-item questionnaire measuring belief in one's ability to cope with difficult demands, created in German and adapted to many languages.
Generation
Generation, in kinship, is the level of descent shared by relatives of the same degree, also a demographic cohort of roughly 30 years. It underlies generational (Hawaiian) kinship terminology, Kirchhoff's generation principle, and alternate-generation equations.
Generation Alpha
Generation Alpha (Gen Alpha) is the cohort born roughly 2010–2024 after Gen Z, coined by Mark McCrindle; over 2 billion people, the first all-21st-century, smartphone-native generation, followed by Generation Beta.
Generation Beta
Generation Beta (Gen Beta) is the proposed cohort after Generation Alpha, born 2025–2039 under Mark McCrindle's definition; ~2.1 billion projected, mostly children of Gen Z, not formally adopted by Pew.
Generation gap
Generation gap: differences in values and attitudes across age groups or birth cohorts. Term peaked in the 1960s; US survey gaps narrowed 1973-1997; research attributes differences to age and period effects, not distinct generations.
Generation Jones
Generation Jones, or Gen Jones, is a cohort born in the Western world roughly between 1954 and 1965, positioned between Baby Boomers and Generation X and named by Jonathan Pontell.
Generation X
Generation X (Gen X) is the cohort born roughly 1965–1980, between Baby Boomers and Millennials, about 55 million Americans. Named via Douglas Coupland's 1991 novel; known for self-reliance and skepticism, also called the MTV generation.