6,078 articles
Germans
Germans, the people of Germany, defined by citizenship and a debated civic-ethnic identity; from theodisk ethnonym, 1871 unification, 1913 ethnic citizenship law to 2024-2025 reform with 332,500 naturalizations and 29.7% migrant background.
Gestalt psychology
Gestalt psychology: early-20th-century German school founded by Wertheimer, Koffka, and Köhler holding that perception is organized wholes, not summed sensations; source of the grouping laws (proximity, similarity, closure, continuation, figure-ground), distinct from Gestalt therapy.
Gezi Park protests
The Gezi Park protests were a wave of nationwide anti-government demonstrations in Turkey beginning in late May 2013 over plans to redevelop Gezi Park in central Istanbul.
Ghanaian diaspora
The Ghanaian diaspora is the population of Ghanaians and their descendants living outside Ghana, an estimated 1.1 million people in 2024, sending nearly $7.8 billion in remittances by 2025.
Ghost hunting
Ghost hunting, also called paranormal investigation, is the amateur or organized search for evidence of ghosts at reputedly haunted sites using EMF meters, spirit boxes, and infrared cameras; it descends from the 1882 Society for Psychical Research and was popularized by shows like Ghost Hunters and Ghost Adventures.
Ghosting (behavior)
Ghosting: abruptly ending a relationship by stopping all communication without explanation. Also called slow fade's sharper sibling; documented in dating, friendships, and psychiatry; prevalence 13–85% depending on study.
Gianna Beretta Molla
Gianna Beretta Molla (1922–1962), Italian pediatrician, wife, and mother from Magenta; died 1962 after choosing her unborn child's life over her own; beatified 1994, canonized 2004, feast April 28.
Gift economy
Gift economy: transfer of goods and services without price or agreed return, coordinated by reciprocity and obligation. Central concept from Mauss's 1925 Essai sur le don, with potlatch, kula, and modern open source and digital gifting as instances.
Gigolo
Gigolo: a man paid or kept by a woman, usually older or wealthy, as companion or lover; from French gigolo (1920s English). Covers etymology, male sex work, stigma, law, and films like American Gigolo.
Gilles Deleuze
Gilles Deleuze (1925–1995), French philosopher of difference, metaphysics, and concept-creation; author of Difference and Repetition and, with Félix Guattari, Anti-Oedipus and A Thousand Plateaus; taught at Paris VIII Vincennes.
Ginevra King
Ginevra King (1898–1980), Lake Forest, Illinois socialite of Chicago's "Big Four" debutantes, was F. Scott Fitzgerald's first love (1915–1917) and a principal model for Daisy Buchanan, Isabelle Borgé, Judy Jones, and Josephine Perry.
Ginnie Sebastian Storage
Virginia "Ginnie" Sebastian Storage is the 47th President General of the National Society Daughters of the American Revolution, installed June 30, 2025 for the 2025-2028 "Illuminate Our Legacy" administration; a Fredericksburg, Virginia native and former Virginia State Regent who led DAR through America's 250th anniversary.
Girl
Girl: a female child; girlhood is the associated cultural category. Key facts: girlhood studies, an interdisciplinary feminist field, emerged from the late 1980s and 1990s, studies intersectional girlhoods, and documents barriers such as child marriage and educational exclusion.
Girl Guides
Girl Guides, also known as Girl Scouting, is a worldwide youth movement for girls founded in Britain in 1910 by Robert Baden-Powell and his sister Agnes.
Girl Scouts of the USA
Girl Scouts of the USA (GSUSA), founded by Juliette Gordon Low on March 12, 1912 in Savannah, Georgia, is a girls' youth organization separate from Scouting America, known for badges, the Gold Award, and the Girl Scout cookie program.
Girlboss
Girlboss: slang for an ambitious, entrepreneurial woman, popularized by Sophia Amoruso's 2014 book #Girlboss after earlier American newspaper uses from 1895; celebrated as empowerment feminism in the mid-2010s, then turned ironic after Nasty Gal's 2016 bankruptcy and the 2021 Gaslight, Gatekeep, Girlboss meme.
Girlfriend
Girlfriend: an English noun for a woman or girl in a romantic or sexual relationship with someone, or, secondarily, a female friend. First recorded 1859; romantic sense by 1922; alternatives include partner and significant other.
Girlfriend experience
Girlfriend experience (GFE): a commercial sex service style in which a provider simulates a romantic relationship through companionship, conversation, kissing, and emotional intimacy; studied as emotional labor, marketed online, and used as coded prostitution terminology.
Gisèle Pelicot
Gisèle Pelicot, French victim of the Mazan rape trial; drugged by ex-husband Dominique Pelicot and raped by dozens of men 2011–2020; opened her 2024 Avignon trial to the public, saying "shame must change sides"; 51 convictions, 20-year maximum sentence.
Gitanos
Gitanos (Calé) are the Romani people of Spain, present since a 1425 safe conduct from Alfonso V; the word derives from "Egipto Menor." They endured the 1499 Pragmática, the 1749 Gran Redada, and the Porrajmos, gaining legal equality with the 1978 Constitution.
GLAAD
GLAAD (Gay and Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation) is a 501(c)(3) LGBTQ media advocacy organization founded in New York in 1985, known for the GLAAD Media Awards and the Where We Are on TV and Studio Responsibility Index reports.
Glass ceiling
Glass ceiling: metaphor for invisible barriers blocking women and minorities from top management, coined circa 1978-1986 in the US; related to glass cliff, sticky floor, labyrinth; tested empirically and addressed via board quotas.
Glass cliff
Glass cliff: term coined by Ryan and Haslam (2005) for women and minorities being more likely to be appointed to risky, precarious leadership positions during crises; evidence is mixed, with small meta-analytic effects.
Global catastrophic risk
Global catastrophic risk (GCR) is the risk of events that could significantly harm or set back human civilization worldwide, with existential risk its extinction-level subset. Core hazards include AI, nuclear war, pandemics, climate change, and impacts; a formal research field emerged in the 2000s.
Global Gender Gap Report
Annual World Economic Forum report since 2006 using the Global Gender Gap Index to rank economies on parity in economic participation, education, health, and political empowerment; 2025 score 68.8% closed, led by Iceland.
Global Slavery Index
Global Slavery Index (GSI), Walk Free's flagship report, estimates modern slavery prevalence, vulnerability, and government response for 160 countries; 2023 edition reports 50 million people in modern slavery in 2021, up 10 million since 2016.
Glocalization
Glocalization: adaptation of global products and ideas to local conditions, from Japanese dochakuka discourse, theorized by Roland Robertson from 1992; covers mechanisms, McDonald's and Netflix cases, Ritzer's critique, and rival theories.
Gloria Morgan Vanderbilt
Gloria Morgan Vanderbilt (1904–1965), American socialite, second wife of Reginald Claypoole Vanderbilt and mother of designer Gloria Vanderbilt, who lost custody of her daughter in the sensational 1934 "trial of the century" in New York.
Gloria Steinem
Gloria Steinem (1934–2026), American journalist and feminist organizer, co-founded Ms. magazine, the National Women's Political Caucus, and the Women's Media Center; received the 2013 Presidential Medal of Freedom.
Glossary of BDSM
Glossary of BDSM: reference vocabulary of kink terminology, covering the acronym (bondage & discipline, dominance & submission, sadism & masochism), roles like dominant, submissive, and switch, and terms such as scene, safeword, SSC, RACK, aftercare, and munch.