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European commissioner
A European commissioner is one of 27 members of the College of Commissioners, the EU executive's political leadership, each nominated by a member state, vetted in European Parliament hearings, and serving a five-year term under collegial decision-making.
European Communist Action
European Communist Action (ECA), founded Athens 18 November 2023 on KKE initiative, is a cooperation of 12 European communist and workers' parties, successor to the European Communist Initiative; not an EU-registered European party, opposed to the EU, NATO, and participation in bourgeois governments.
European Conservatives and Reformists Party
European Conservatives and Reformists Party (ECR Party), formerly AECR/ACRE, a conservative soft-Eurosceptic eurorealist European party founded 1 October 2009, tied to the ECR Group in the European Parliament, led by Adam Bielan with Brothers of Italy and Law and Justice as main pillars.
European Council
The European Council is an EU institution of the 27 heads of state or government, its President (António Costa), and the Commission President; it sets EU political direction, does not pass laws, meets quarterly in Brussels, and decides by consensus.
European Democrat Students
European Democrat Students (EDS) is a pan-European federation of national center-right and Christian democratic student organizations, founded in Vienna in 1961 and described as the official student organization of the European People's Party.
European Democratic Party
European Democratic Party (EDP/PDE), centrist federalist European political party founded 9 December 2004 in Brussels by Bayrou's UDF and Rutelli's Margherita; its MEPs sit with Renew Europe, led by François Bayrou and Sandro Gozi.
European Endowment for Democracy
European Endowment for Democracy (EED), Brussels-based independent grant-maker founded 2013 by the EU and member states; funds civil society and independent media in the European Neighbourhood, over 3,300 grants and €52.4 million in 2025.
European External Action Service
The European External Action Service (EEAS) is the EU's diplomatic service, created by the Lisbon Treaty and operational since 2011 in Brussels. It supports the High Representative (Kaja Kallas) in conducting CFSP and CSDP, runs about 145 EU delegations worldwide, and faces 2026 reform proposals from France, Germany, and the Commission.
European Free Alliance
European Free Alliance (EFA): European political party, founded 1981, uniting nationalist, regionalist and pro-independence parties; sits with Greens in the Greens/EFA EP group; led by Lorena López de Lacalle since 2019.
European Instrument for Democracy and Human Rights
The European Instrument for Democracy and Human Rights (EIDHR) was the EU's funding instrument for civil-society democracy and human rights projects, created in 1994 and merged into NDICI–Global Europe in 2021.
European Left Alliance for the People and the Planet
European Left Alliance for the People and the Planet (ELA), launched September 2024 and registered 27 September 2024, is a European political party of green-left, feminist transformative-left parties with 11 member parties from 10 countries, split from the older Party of the European Left.
European Neighbourhood Policy
European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP), EU foreign policy framework created in 2004 (from a 2003 Wider Europe communication) for 16 southern and eastern neighbors, offering cooperation, DCFTAs, and funding (ENI, then NDICI) without membership, revised in 2011 and 2015.
European Parliament
European Parliament: directly elected EU legislative chamber of 720 MEPs serving five-year terms, co-legislator with the Council, first directly elected in 1979, EPP largest group since the 2024 elections.
European People's Party
European People's Party (EPP), EU centre-right political party founded 1976 in Luxembourg by Christian Democratic parties under Leo Tindemans; largest EP group, 82 parties from 44 countries, led by Manfred Weber.
European People's Party Group
European People's Party Group (EPP Group), largest centre-right political group in the European Parliament, founded 23 June 1953 as the Christian-Democratic Group in the ECSC Common Assembly; chaired by Manfred Weber, 188 MEPs from all 27 states.
European Political Community
European Political Community (EPC): informal pan-European summit forum proposed by Macron in May 2022, first met in Prague in October 2022; unites EU-27 and non-EU states including the UK, Ukraine, Turkey, and the Caucasus, with no founding treaty.
European political party
A European political party, commonly called a europarty, is a federation of national parties from several EU states, recognized at Maastricht in 1992; 12 exist today.
European Research Group
European Research Group (ERG), British Conservative MPs' Eurosceptic research body and faction founded in 1994 by Michael Spicer; led Brexit-era hard-Brexit pressure under chairs Steve Baker, Jacob Rees-Mogg, and Mark Francois.
European Solidarity (Європейська Солідарність)
European Solidarity (Європейська Солідарність) is Petro Poroshenko's Ukrainian center-right, pro-EU opposition party, renamed in May 2019; it won 8.10% and 25 seats in 2019 after 132 seats in 2014.
European Training Foundation
The European Training Foundation (ETF) is a decentralised EU agency in Turin, Italy, operational since 1994 under Regulation 1360/90, supporting human capital development and education, training and labour market reform in nearly 30 partner countries neighbouring the EU, distinct from Cedefop which works within the EU.
European Union
The European Union (EU) is a treaty-based union of 27 European states with a 450-million-person single market, seven institutions, and an ongoing enlargement process toward the Western Balkans, Ukraine, and Moldova.
Euroscepticism
Euroscepticism: criticism or opposition to the EU and European integration, from policy-level soft scepticism to hard opposition to membership; rooted in the 1950s, mainstream since Maastricht and the 2024 elections.
Eva Diaz
Eva Diaz is an American politician and Democratic member of the Arizona Senate from the 22nd district, elected in 2022 after 27 years as a teacher and school administrator.
Eva Kaili (Εύα Καϊλή)
Eva Kaili (Εύα Καϊλή), Greek former MEP and European Parliament vice-president (PASOK, S&D), arrested December 2022 in the Qatargate corruption scandal; charged with corruption, money laundering, and criminal organisation; denies charges, case not yet tried.
Eva Perón
Eva Perón (Evita, María Eva Duarte de Perón), Argentine first lady 1946–1952, actress turned leader of Peronism's female wing; won women's suffrage (Law 13.010, 1947), led the Eva Perón Foundation, died of cervical cancer 26 July 1952 aged 33.
Eva-Dina Delgado
Eva-Dina Delgado is an American Democratic member of the Illinois House of Representatives from the 3rd district, serving since 2019 as an Assistant Majority Leader.
Eva-Maria Holzleitner
Eva-Maria Holzleitner is an Austrian Social Democratic politician, Federal Minister for Women, Science and Research since 2025, a National Council member from 2017, and chair of the SPÖ Women since 2021.
Evan Bayh
Evan Bayh (born 1955), son of Senator Birch Bayh, is a Democratic politician: Indiana secretary of state (1986), governor 1989–1997, U.S. senator 1999–2011, later McGuireWoods lawyer, Apollo advisor, corporate director, and 2016 Senate candidate.
Evan Hunt
Evan Hunt is an American politician and retired U.S. Air Force lieutenant colonel who is the Democratic nominee for U.S. House in Texas's 3rd District, facing incumbent Keith Self in 2026.
Evan McMullin
Evan McMullin (David Evan McMullin, born 1976) is a former CIA officer and House Republican policy director who ran an independent 2016 presidential campaign, taking 21.31% in Utah, and lost Utah's 2022 Senate race to Mike Lee with 42.74%.