22,256 articles
Federal elections in Germany
German federal elections elect the Bundestag, Germany's federal parliament, at least every four years; each voter casts a constituency vote and a decisive party vote.
Federal Electoral Institute
The Federal Electoral Institute (Instituto Federal Electoral, IFE) was Mexico's autonomous public organization in charge of federal elections from 1990 to 2014, when it was replaced by the National Electoral Institute.
Federal government of Mexico
The federal government of Mexico (Estados Unidos Mexicanos) is the national government of a federal republic under the 1917 Constitution, with executive, legislative, and judicial branches, 32 states, and a 2024 reform electing judges by popular vote.
Federal Government of Somalia
Federal Government of Somalia (FGS), Dowladda Federaalka Soomaaliya: central government established 2012 under a provisional federal constitution after 1991 state collapse. President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud (since May 2022), PM Hamza Abdi Barre, bicameral parliament, member states, final 2026 constitution, HIPC debt relief.
Federal government of the United States
Federal government of the United States: the national government under the U.S. Constitution, with legislative, executive, and judicial branches, checks and balances, and shared federal-state authority in courts, regulation, and fiscal policy.
Federal Hall
Federal Hall is a National Park Service memorial at 26 Wall Street in New York City, where George Washington took the oath of office as first president in 1789.
Federal Military Government
The Federal Military Government (FMG) was the military government that ruled Nigeria from 1966 to 1979 and again from 1983 to 1999, taking power through coups.
Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy
Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Energie, BMWE), Germany's federal department for economic and energy policy, led by Katherina Reiche since May 2025; six agencies including Bundeskartellamt and Bundesnetzagentur; leads Energiewende monitoring.
Federal monarchy
Federal monarchy: a federation under a single monarch, also called monarchical federalism, with constituent states keeping their own rulers. Examples: Malaysia's rotating Agong, the UAE's seven emirates, and the German Empire (1871–1918).
Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration
The Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) is the US Department of Transportation agency that reduces crashes, injuries, and fatalities involving large trucks and buses.
Federal republic
A federal republic is a state in which sovereignty is constitutionally divided between a central government and self-governing regional units, with elected rather than monarchical leadership.
Federal voting rights in Puerto Rico
Federal voting rights in Puerto Rico: U.S. citizens on the island, citizens since the 1917 Jones Act, cannot vote for President and lack voting representation in Congress under the Insular Cases doctrine, though they vote locally and in primaries.
Federalism
Federalism divides constitutional power between national and subnational governments, each acting directly on citizens. Contrasted with unitary and confederal systems; 25 of 193 UN states are federal, covering 40 percent of world population.
Federalism in Quebec
Federalism in Quebec: the place of Quebec in the Canadian federation and its federalist tradition. Covers the 1982 patriation, Meech Lake and Charlottetown Accords, distinct society, and asymmetric arrangements on immigration and health.
Federalism in the United Kingdom
Federalism in the United Kingdom is a proposed but never adopted constitutional model; the UK remains a unitary state with reversible devolution to Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland, no arrangements for England, and no codified constitution dividing sovereignty.
Federalist No. 68
Federalist No. 68, "The Mode of Electing the President," is Alexander Hamilton's March 14, 1788 Federalist Paper defending the Electoral College, its state-based electors, House contingency, and barriers to foreign influence and demagoguery.
Federalist Party
The Federalist Party, also known as the Pro-Administration Party, was an early American political party of the 1790s led by Hamilton and Adams, which favored strong national government.
Federally recognized tribe
Federally recognized tribe: an American Indian or Alaska Native entity with a government-to-government relationship with the United States; 575 exist as of 2026, recognized by Congress, courts, or the 25 CFR Part 83 acknowledgment process.
Federation Council (Iraq)
Federation Council (مجلس الاتحاد), Iraq's constitutionally mandated second legislative chamber under Articles 48 and 65 of the 2005 Constitution, intended to represent regions and governorates; never formed because its enabling law, requiring a two-thirds parliamentary vote, was never enacted.
Federation Council (Russia)
Federation Council (Совет Федерации), upper house of Russia's Federal Assembly: two appointed senators per federal subject plus up to 30 presidential appointees and a lifetime ex-president seat; non-partisan, formed three ways since 1993, holding powers over martial law, impeachment, and judicial appointments.
Fédération des élus musulmans
The Fédération des élus musulmans (Federation of Muslim Elected Officials) was a political movement in colonial Algeria, founded in June 1927 to defend civic equality for elected Muslims within France.
Federation of Australia
Federation of Australia: the 1 January 1901 union of six British colonies into the Commonwealth of Australia, also called the Australian federation, achieved by referendums 1898–1900 and the Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act 1900.
Federation of the Greens
Federation of the Greens (Federazione dei Verdi, FdV): Italian green party, peaked at 2.5% in 1987 and 3.8% in the 1989 European election; later EGP member for Italy, distinct from Europa Verde.
Federico Freni
Federico Freni is an Italian Lega politician serving as Undersecretary of State for Economy and Finance in the Meloni government, overseeing financial-system regulation and supervision.
Federico Peña
Federico Peña (born 1947, Laredo, Texas) is an American attorney and politician, Denver's first Hispanic mayor (1983-1991) and Bill Clinton's Secretary of Transportation (1993-1997) and Secretary of Energy (1997-1998), later a private-equity adviser. Not the Trinidad and Tobago footballer of the same name.
Federico Sturzenegger
Federico Sturzenegger is an Argentine economist and politician serving as Minister of Deregulation and State Transformation under President Javier Milei, having previously led the Central Bank.
Federico Tinoco Granados
Federico Tinoco Granados (1868–1931) was a Costa Rican soldier and politician who seized power in a 1917 coup, ruling until his resignation in August 1919 amid US non-recognition.
Felicia Robinson
Felicia Robinson is an American Democratic politician representing Florida's 104th House district since 2020, serving as House Democratic Deputy Whip and chairing the Florida Legislative Black Caucus for 2026–28.
Felicity Party
Felicity Party (Saadet Partisi, SP), Turkish political Islamist party founded July 2001, heir to Necmettin Erbakan's Milli Görüş movement; led by Temel Karamollaoğlu since 2016, polls 2-4%, in the Nation Alliance.
Felipe Calderón
Felipe Calderón (Felipe de Jesús Calderón Hinojosa), Mexican president 2006–2012 for the PAN; won the closest election in Mexican history by 0.56%, launched the militarized war on drug cartels in December 2006, and later founded México Libre.