127,669 articles
Collective security
Collective security: the principle that aggression against one state is aggression against all, first tried by the League of Nations and now centered on the UN Security Council's Chapter VII sanctions, enforcement powers, and veto-constrained decision-making.
Collective Security Treaty (Договор о коллективной безопасности)
The Collective Security Treaty (Договор о коллективной безопасности) is a mutual-defense treaty signed at Tashkent in 1992 by six former Soviet republics, treating aggression against one as aggression against all.
Collective Security Treaty Organization (Организация Договора о коллективной безопасности)
The Collective Security Treaty Organization (ОДКБ, CSTO) is a six-member post-Soviet military-political alliance founded on the 1992 Tashkent Collective Security Treaty and the 2002 Charter, with an Article 4 collective-defense obligation, Moscow headquarters, and one field operation, Kazakhstan January 2022.
Collective Shout
Collective Shout, founded by Melinda Tankard Reist, is an Australian grassroots anti-pornography campaign group opposing objectification of women and sexualization of girls; known for the 2018 Sexpo lawsuit win and the 2025 Steam payment-processor campaign.
Collective unconscious
The collective unconscious is Carl Jung's concept of an inherited, shared layer of the psyche, distinct from the personal unconscious, whose structural elements are archetypes; heavily criticized by empirical psychology.
Collectivist anarchism
Collectivist anarchism, associated with Mikhail Bakunin, is a social anarchist school holding collective ownership of the means of production with labor-time-based compensation, distinct from anarcho-communism's distribution by need.
Collectivization
Collectivization (Коллективизация сельского хозяйства) was the Soviet policy of forcibly merging peasant households into collective farms, launched under Stalin in 1929 and carried out chiefly by 1933.
Collectivization in Bulgaria
Collectivization in Bulgaria was the communist regime's campaign, from the late 1940s to 1958, to transfer private farmland into cooperative and state farms on the Soviet model.
Collectivization in Czechoslovakia
Collectivization in Czechoslovakia was the forced transformation of private peasant farming into unified agricultural cooperatives (JZD) on the Soviet model, carried out mainly from 1948 to 1960.
Collectivization in Hungary
Collectivization in Hungary was the communist regime's campaign, carried out mainly from 1948 to 1961, to abolish independent peasant farming and reorganize agriculture into state farms and cooperatives.
Collectivization in Mongolia
Collectivization in Mongolia was the transfer of private herds into state cooperatives called negdels, first attempted in 1929–32, completed by 1959, and dismantled in 1991.
Collectivization in Romania
Collectivization in Romania was the forced reorganization of Romanian agriculture from 1949 to 1962, when the communist regime transferred private peasant farms into collective and state farms.
Collectivization in the Baltic states
Collectivization in the Baltic states was the forced merger of private farms into Soviet collective and state farms in Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania in the late 1940s and early 1950s.
Collectivization in the Mongolian People's Republic
Collectivization in the Mongolian People's Republic was the transfer of Mongolia's livestock from private herder households to state collectives, forced in 1929–1932 and completed voluntarily by 1959.
Collectivization in the Soviet Union
Collectivization in the Soviet Union (коллективизация): Stalin's forced merger of peasant farms into kolkhozes, 1929-1933, after the 1927-29 grain crises; dekulakization, the 1932-33 famine, and near-total collectivization by 1940.
Colleen Burton
Colleen Burton is an American politician, a Republican member of the Florida Senate representing District 12, based in Lakeland, whose 2026 session bills covered memory care licensing, mobile home housing assistance, and stablecoin regulation.
Colleen Kollar-Kotelly
Colleen Kollar-Kotelly (born 1943) is an American federal judge on the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia since 1997, in senior status since 2023, who handled the Microsoft antitrust case.
Colleen McMahon
Colleen McMahon (born 1951) is an American jurist serving as a senior United States district judge of the Southern District of New York, appointed by Bill Clinton in 1998.
Colleen R. Lawless
Colleen R. Lawless is an American jurist who serves as a U.S. District Judge for the Central District of Illinois. She was appointed by President Biden in 2023.
College
College: an institution of higher education, also the self-governing medieval colleges of Paris, Oxford, and Cambridge, the American undergraduate college, and the community college; from the 1180 Collège de Dix-Huit to today's enrollment shifts and closures.
College admissions in the United States
College admissions in the United States: decentralized undergraduate selection process spanning open admission to elite holistic review. Covers standardized testing, test-optional policies, the 2023 SFFA v. Harvard ruling, and test requirement reinstatements.
College and university rankings
College and university rankings: ordered lists from QS, THE, ARWU, U.S. News combining reputation surveys, citations, teaching and internationalization indicators; methodologies, criticisms, and alternatives explained.
College Board
College Board, founded 1900 as the College Entrance Examination Board, is a US not-for-profit membership organization running the SAT Suite, AP program, and CSS Profile nonfederal aid application for over 6,000 member institutions.
Collège de 'Pataphysique
The Collège de 'Pataphysique is a Paris-based learned society of writers and artists, founded in 1948 to study 'pataphysics, the "science of imaginary solutions" invented by Alfred Jarry.
Collège de France
Collège de France: Paris public research and teaching institution founded by François I in 1530 as the royal readers; motto Docet Omnia; about 50 chairs, free open lectures, no diplomas, administrator Thomas Römer.
College Democrats of America
College Democrats of America (CDA), official collegiate arm of the Democratic National Committee; chartered state federations and campus chapters with a claimed 100,000 members; held its first-in-years national convention July 17–19, 2026 in Washington, DC, amid Hasan Piker speaker controversy.
College of Basic Science and Humanities, Bhubaneswar
College of Basic Science and Humanities (CBSH), Bhubaneswar, a 1964 constituent college of OUAT offering +2 Science, B.Sc. Honours in 8 subjects, M.Sc. in 7, and Ph.D. in 6; NAAC B++, DBT Star College.
College of Cardinals
The College of Cardinals, also known as the Sacred College of Cardinals, is the body of all Catholic cardinals, whose principal duty under canon law is electing the pope.
College of Charleston
College of Charleston: public liberal arts and sciences university in Charleston, South Carolina; founded 1770, chartered 1785; oldest higher-education institution in South Carolina, 13th oldest in the US, and America's oldest municipal college.
College of Commissioners
College of Commissioners is the name of two bodies: the European Commission's political leadership of one Commissioner per EU state, and the unelected Congo government of 1960 to 1961.