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Columbus Day
Columbus Day is the United States federal holiday on the second Monday in October, also marked by many states and cities as Indigenous Peoples' Day, commemorating Columbus's 1492 arrival; established by the 1934 joint resolution and the 1971 Uniform Monday Holiday Act.
Columbus mayoral elections
The Columbus mayoral elections are nonpartisan citywide contests electing Columbus, Ohio's strong mayor in odd-numbered years, under rules set by the 1914 charter; Andrew Ginther won in 2015, 2019, and 2023.
Columbus nightclub shooting
Columbus nightclub shooting: the December 8, 2004 Alrosa Villa mass shooting in Columbus, Ohio, where Nathan Gale killed four people including guitarist Dimebag Darrell during a Damageplan concert before officer James Niggemeyer shot him.
Columbus State University
Columbus State University, formerly Columbus College, is a public university in Columbus, Georgia. It opened as a junior college in 1958 and joined the University System of Georgia.
Columbus's third voyage and the founding of Santo Domingo
Columbus's third voyage and the founding of Santo Domingo (Tercer viaje de Colón y fundación de Santo Domingo) were connected events: Columbus's 1498 expedition reached South America at the Orinoco.
Column Group-Neuro
Column Group-Neuro is the neuroscience-focused fund family of The Column Group, a San Francisco life science venture firm; its Column Group-Neuro II, LP raised $100 million in 2024.
Colville Indian Reservation
Colville Indian Reservation: north-central Washington reservation created by executive orders of April 9 and July 2, 1872 under President Grant; home of the twelve-band Confederated Tribes, 1.4 million acres, enrollment 9,045, halved by the 1892 North Half cession.
COM-B model
The COM-B model is a behavior change framework that analyzes any behavior as the product of capability, opportunity, and motivation, introduced by Susan Michie, Maartje van Stralen, and Robert West in 2011.
Comanche
The Comanche (Nʉmʉnʉʉ, The People) are a Southern Plains Native American nation of Shoshone origin, famed as horse-mounted bison hunters and the dominant power of Comanchería, now the Comanche Nation of Lawton, Oklahoma, with about 17,000 enrolled members.
Comanche Biopharma
Comanche Biopharma is a biopharmaceutical company in Concord, Massachusetts, developing CBP-4888, an siRNA drug for sFlt1-mediated preterm preeclampsia, led by co-founder and CEO Scott Johnson.
Comanche Empire
Comanche Empire, also called Comanchería, is the name historians give to Comanche dominance of the southern Great Plains and American Southwest from roughly 1700 to 1875.
Comancheria
Comancheria, or Comanchería, was the Southern Plains territory dominated by the Comanche people from the early 1700s until the 1870s, centered on the Llano Estacado and spanning much of Texas and New Mexico.
Comando Vermelho
Comando Vermelho (Red Command, CV), Brazil's oldest criminal organization, founded in 1979 in the Ilha Grande Cândido Mendes prison through contact between common and political prisoners; based in Rio de Janeiro, with about 30,000 members, network structure, and rivalry with the PCC.
Comanus (eparch)
Comanus was a court minister of Ptolemaic Egypt, one of two new ministers who took charge at Alexandria in 169 BC during the Sixth Syrian War.
Combahee River Collective
Combahee River Collective: Black feminist socialist lesbian organization founded in Boston in 1974, named for Harriet Tubman's 1863 Combahee River raid; its 1977 Statement coined "identity politics" and anticipated intersectionality.
Combat 18
Combat 18 (C18) is a neo-Nazi terrorist network founded in the UK in 1992 by Paul Sargent as BNP stewards; the 18 codes Adolf Hitler's initials, and it became Blood & Honour's armed wing, banned in Germany in 2020 and listed by Canada in 2019.
Combat Action Badge
Combat Action Badge (CAB), U.S. Army combat badge established 2 May 2005, companion to the CIB and CMB, awarded to any Soldier who personally engages or is engaged by the enemy from 18 September 2001 onward.
Combat Action Ribbon
Combat Action Ribbon (CAR): U.S. Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard decoration authorized 17 February 1969 for satisfactory performance under enemy fire during ground or surface combat, grades O-6 and below, with revised IED criteria.
Combat boot
A combat boot, also known as an army or military boot, is a sturdy ankle-covering laced boot issued to soldiers, providing protection, traction, and durability in field service.
Combat Capabilities Development Command Soldier Center
DEVCOM Soldier Center (formerly NSRDEC), the U.S. Army's Natick, Massachusetts research center for Soldier food, clothing, protection, airdrop, and performance technology under DEVCOM, renamed February 3, 2019.
Combat Engineer Battalion (Norway)
Ingeniørbataljonen (Combat Engineer Battalion), Norwegian Army combat support battalion of Brigade Nord at Skjold garrison; about 660 soldiers, seven companies, founded 1953, full battalion 1987; mobility, bridging, mine clearing, CBRN, Ukraine training.
Combat Groups of the Working Class
Kampfgruppen der Arbeiterklasse (Combat Groups of the Working Class, KdA): East German SED-run paramilitary workers' militia, founded 29 September 1953 after the June uprising, about 200,000 members, deployed sealing off West Berlin in 1961, dissolved 1990.
Combat helmet
Combat helmet: military head protection against fragments, blunt impact, and limited ballistic penetration. First modern steel helmet was the 1915 French Adrian; modern examples include the ACH and NG-IHPS.
Combat Infantryman Badge
The Combat Infantryman Badge (CIB) is a United States Army badge awarded to infantry and Special Forces soldiers, colonel and below, for duty in active ground combat.
Combat Medical Badge
The Combat Medical Badge is a U.S. Army decoration awarded to medical personnel of colonel rank or below who rendered care under fire with an infantry unit.
Combat Organization of the Socialist Revolutionary Party
Combat Organization (Боевая организация), terrorist wing of the Socialist Revolutionary Party in the Russian Empire, 1902–1911. Founded by Gershuni, led with Savinkov and the police agent Azef; assassinated Sipyagin, von Plehve, Grand Duke Sergei.
Combat Outpost Keating
Combat Outpost Keating (COP Keating), a U.S. Army outpost in Kamdesh, Nuristan, Afghanistan, established 2006; site of the Battle of Kamdesh on October 3, 2009, when about 300 insurgents attacked, killing 8 Americans, before the defenders repelled them.
Combinatorial auction
A combinatorial auction is a mechanism in which bidders bid on packages, or combinations, of items rather than individual ones, used in spectrum auctions and transportation procurement.
Combined arms
Combined arms: coordinating and synchronizing infantry, artillery, armor, and air so each covers the others' weaknesses. Founded in WWI, matured in WWII, still the basis of modern doctrine and Ukraine-era practice.
Combined Fleet
The Combined Fleet (連合艦隊) was the Imperial Japanese Navy's main striking force, first assembled in 1894, victorious at Tsushima in 1905, and defeated in 1945.