127,669 articles
Constitutional crisis
Constitutional crisis: a breakdown in which a constitution cannot resolve a dispute essential to government, per Levinson-Balkin's three types and Versteeg-Zackin's crises of authority; distinguished from ordinary political conflict and overused crisis rhetoric.
Constitutional crisis in Somalia
Constitutional crisis in Somalia: dispute over finalizing the 2012 Provisional Constitution. March 2024 amendments to Chapters 1-4 introduced one-person-one-vote elections, a multi-party system, and five-year terms, prompting Puntland's withdrawal of recognition and opposition rejection.
Constitutional Declaration of the Syrian Arab Republic
The Constitutional Declaration of the Syrian Arab Republic, signed March 13, 2025 by interim President Ahmad al-Sharaa, is Syria's 52-article interim constitution for a five-year transition, concentrating executive, legislative, and judicial appointment powers in the presidency.
Constitutional Democratic Party (Конституционно-демократическая партия)
Constitutional Democratic Party (Kadets, Конституционно-демократическая партия), Russia's main liberal party, founded October 1905, led by Miliukov; largest Duma party 1906–07, outlawed December 1917, dissolved 1924.
Constitutional Democratic Party of Japan (立憲民主党)
立憲民主党 (CDP), Japan's largest opposition party, founded 2017 from the Democratic Party's liberal wing and refounded September 2020 by merger with most DPFP members; led by Edano, Izumi, then Noda; won 148 lower-house seats in 2024.
Constitutional law
Constitutional law: the interpretation and application of constitutions, centered on judicial review, separation of powers, amendment rules, and comparative models from strong-form US review to weak-form and specialized constitutional courts.
Constitutional monarchy
Constitutional monarchy: a system where a hereditary or appointed monarch is head of state but does not rule, governing resting with an elected parliament. 34 of 42 world monarchies are constitutional; England's Magna Carta and the 1688 Glorious Revolution are key origins.
Constitutional Protection Movement
The Constitutional Protection Movement (护法运动), also called the Constitutional Protection War, was a campaign led by Sun Yat-sen from 1917 to defend the National Assembly and Provisional Constitution against Beiyang warlords, based in Guangzhou.
Constitutional Tribunal (Poland)
The Constitutional Tribunal (Polish: Trybunał Konstytucyjny, TK) is Poland's constitutional court, created in 1985 and seated in Warsaw. It strikes down unconstitutional laws and hears individual complaints.
Constitutional Union (الاتحاد الدستوري) (Morocco)
Constitutional Union (الاتحاد الدستوري, UC), Morocco's centre-right liberal party founded in 1983 by former prime minister Maati Bouabid; royalist, economically liberal, peaked at 54 seats in 1993, joined the 1998 alternance opposition, and held 17 seats after 2026.
Constitutional Union Party (United States)
Constitutional Union Party, 1860 US third party of ex-Whigs and Know-Nothings; nominated John Bell and Edward Everett on a Constitution, Union, and laws platform, won 39 electoral votes, then collapsed with secession.
Constitutional versus legislative courts doctrine
Constitutional versus legislative courts doctrine: US constitutional law distinction from American Insurance Co. v. Canter (1828) separating Article III courts with protected judges from Article I legislative courts such as territorial, military, and bankruptcy tribunals.
Constitutionalism
Constitutionalism is the principle that government power should be legally limited, resting on rule of law, limited government, and individual rights. Rooted in Magna Carta and Locke, it requires entrenchment, judicial review, and actual compliance, and admits authoritarian as well as democratic varieties.
Constitutionalist Liberal Party
The Constitutionalist Liberal Party (Partido Liberal Constitucionalista, PLC) is a right-wing liberal political party in Nicaragua, founded in 1968, that supplied presidents Arnoldo Alemán and Enrique Bolaños.
Constitutionalist Revolution of 1932
The Constitutionalist Revolution of 1932 (Revolução Constitucionalista de 1932) was an armed uprising of São Paulo against Getúlio Vargas's provisional government, fought from July to October 1932.
Constitutionalist–Villista/Zapatista civil war
The Constitutionalist–Villista/Zapatista civil war (Guerra entre constitucionalistas y convencionistas) of 1914–1915, the Mexican Revolution's bloodiest phase, saw Carranza and Obregón defeat Villa and Zapata at Celaya.
Constitutionalists (Mexico)
The Constitutionalists (Spanish: constitucionalistas) were the Mexican Revolution faction formed in 1913 under Venustiano Carranza to repudiate Victoriano Huerta's coup, winning the civil war by 1915 and producing the Constitution of 1917.
Constitutive Act of the African Union
The Constitutive Act of the African Union is the founding treaty of the AU, adopted at Lomé, Togo on 11 July 2000, in force 26 May 2001, replacing the OAU Charter; Article 4(h) permits intervention for genocide and war crimes.
Constricted affect
Constricted affect, also called restricted affect (ICD-11 MB24.60), is a mildly reduced range or intensity of displayed emotion in the mental status exam, the mildest grade on the spectrum running through blunted to flat affect.
Construct Capital
Construct Capital is an early-stage venture capital firm in Washington, DC, founded in 2020 by Dayna Grayson and Rachel Holt to invest in robotics, AI, and automation for foundational industries.
Constructed language
Constructed language (conlang): a language consciously created by an individual or group, unlike naturally evolved languages. Types include auxlangs like Esperanto (1887), artlangs like Tolkien's Quenya, and engelangs; fMRI shows natural-language brain processing.
Construction Financing
Construction financing is the short-term credit used to pay for building or rehabilitating a property, typically a home, disbursed in draws and carrying higher rates than mortgages.
Construction grammar
Construction grammar (CxG) is a family of linguistic theories treating grammar as learned form-meaning pairings called constructions, developed from the 1980s onward by Charles Fillmore, Paul Kay, and Adele Goldberg.
Construction of Borobudur
The construction of Borobudur (Pembangunan Borobudur) built the great Buddhist stupa in Central Java in the late 8th and 9th centuries under the Sailendra dynasty.
Construction of Prambanan
The construction of Prambanan (Pembangunan Prambanan) was the building of a Hindu temple complex in central Java, begun by King Rakai Pikatan around 850 CE.
Construction of the Dome of the Rock
The construction of the Dome of the Rock (بناء قبة الصخرة) was the building of the octagonal domed sanctuary on Jerusalem's Haram al-Sharif, completed in 691–692 for the Umayyad caliph Abd al-Malik.
Construction of the First Dynasty royal tombs at Umm el-Qaab
The First Dynasty royal tombs at Umm el-Qaab are the mudbrick tombs of Egypt's earliest kings at Abydos, ringed by subsidiary graves of sacrificed retainers and paired with funerary enclosures.
Construction of the Jagannath Temple at Puri
The construction of the Jagannath Temple at Puri (ଜଗନ୍ନାଥ ମନ୍ଦିର) was begun by King Anantavarman Chodaganga around 1136 AD and consecrated by Anangabhima Deva III in 1230.
Construction of the Saqqara elite mastabas of Dynasty 1
The construction of the Saqqara elite mastabas of Dynasty 1 built huge mud-brick elite tombs at North Saqqara during Egypt's First Dynasty, mainly under Djet, Den, and Adjib.
Construction of the Second Temple
The Construction of the Second Temple, also called the Rebuilding of the Second Temple, was the rebuilding of the Temple of Jerusalem, completed in 516 BC under Zerubbabel.