127,669 articles
Cycad Collection
Cycad collection: curated living assemblages of cycads (Cycadales) in botanic gardens such as Kew, Missouri Botanical Garden, and UC Berkeley; living plants, not seed banks, safeguard the world's most threatened plant group.
Cycle of abuse
Cycle of abuse, or cycle of violence: Lenore Walker's 1979 three-phase model (tension building, acute battering, reconciliation) and the intergenerational transmission of intimate partner violence, whose theory-informed evidence shows inconsistencies.
Cycle of poverty
The cycle of poverty, also known as the poverty trap, is the self-reinforcing pattern in which being poor in one generation makes poverty in the next more likely.
Cyclerion Therapeutics, Inc.
Cyclerion Therapeutics is a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company in Cambridge, Massachusetts, spun off from Ironwood Pharmaceuticals in 2019 to develop soluble guanylate cyclase stimulators; it sold its zagociguat assets in 2023 and relaunched as a neuropsychiatric company.
Cyclical unemployment
Cyclical unemployment is joblessness caused by fluctuations in aggregate demand over the business cycle, as firms lay off workers when households and firms buy less.
Cyclically adjusted price-to-earnings ratio
The cyclically adjusted price-to-earnings ratio, also called the Shiller P/E or CAPE, is a stock valuation measure dividing an index's inflation-adjusted price by ten-year average earnings.
Cyclone Robotics (弘玑Cyclone)
Cyclone Robotics (弘玑Cyclone) is a Chinese enterprise software vendor in robotic process automation, founded in Shanghai in 2015 and known for automating office work with digital workers.
Cyclone-class patrol ship
Cyclone-class patrol ship (PC, Patrol Coastal): 14 US Navy coastal patrol ships built by Bollinger, commissioned 1993–2000, 170 ft, 331 tons, based on the Ramadan class; served SEALs and Gulf patrol, decommissioned by 2023, transferred to the Philippines, Egypt, and Bahrain.
Cyclopes (Κύκλωπες)
Cyclopes (Κύκλωπες), one-eyed giants of Greek myth: Hesiod's smiths Brontes, Steropes, and Arges who forged Zeus's thunderbolt; Homer's shepherd ogre Polyphemus; and the builders of the cyclopean walls.
Cyilima II Rujugira
Cyilima II Rujugira, also written Cyirima II Rujugira, was a mwami (king) of Rwanda in the eighteenth century, remembered as a conqueror who reorganized the royal armies.
Cyla Wiesenthal
Cyla Wiesenthal, née Müller (1908–2003), Holocaust survivor and wife of Nazi hunter Simon Wiesenthal; escaped under the false identity Irena Kowalska, survived forced labor in Solingen, reunited with her husband in Linz in 1945.
Cyndi Carrasco
Cyndi Carrasco is an American politician serving as a Republican member of the Indiana Senate for District 36, elected in 2023 and formerly Indiana Inspector General.
Cyndi Munson
Cyndi Munson is an American Democratic politician who represented Oklahoma City in the Oklahoma House from 2015, became its first Asian-American woman member, and served as minority leader.
Cynefin framework
The Cynefin framework, created by Dave Snowden at IBM in 1999, is a sense-making framework that sorts decision situations into five domains, each with its own approach.
Cynegils
Cynegils (d. 643) was king of the West Saxons 611-643, ruling jointly with his son Cwichelm, fighting Edwin of Northumbria and Penda at Cirencester in 628, and becoming Wessex's first Christian king when baptized by Birinus at Dorchester in 635 with Oswald as sponsor.
Cynewulf of Wessex
Cynewulf of Wessex, king of the West Saxons 757-786 (or d. 785), deposed Sigeberht, fought Offa of Mercia, lost land north of the Thames at Bensington, and was killed by Cyneheard; not the poet Cynewulf.
Cynic diatribe
A Cynic diatribe is a modern scholarly term for short, confrontational addresses on a single moral theme, delivered in colloquial style by Cynic philosophers of ancient Greece.
Cynic philosophers
Cynic philosophers were ancient Greek and Roman thinkers who held that virtue guarantees happiness. They lived simply, training their bodies and speaking freely in public defiance of convention.
Cynicism (contemporary)
Contemporary cynicism is the attitude that people act mainly from self-interest, an inversion of ancient Cynic philosophy; studied in organizational, political, and media forms, with measured income and health costs.
Cynicism (philosophy)
Cynicism (kunikos, 'dog-like') was an ancient Greek Socratic-lineage philosophy founded likely by Antisthenes and popularized by Diogenes of Sinope, teaching virtue through living according to nature with poverty, self-sufficiency, and frank speech; it shaped Stoicism and is unrelated to modern cynical attitudes.
Cynocephaly
Cynocephaly (Kynokephaloi, Cynocephali) is the legend of dog-headed humans, first recorded by Hesiod and Ctesias for India and Libya, debated by medieval writers, and linked to Saint Christopher.
Cynthia A. Bashant
Cynthia A. Bashant is an American jurist serving as a United States district judge for the Southern District of California since 2014, appointed by Barack Obama and serving as chief judge since 2025.
Cynthia Ann Parker
Cynthia Ann Parker, known among the Comanche as Naduah, was captured as a child in 1836 and lived with the Comanche for nearly twenty-five years.
Cynthia Beall
Cynthia Beall is an American biological anthropologist at Case Western Reserve University known for studying how Andean, Tibetan, and Ethiopian highlanders adapt to low oxygen.
Cynthia Creem
Cynthia Stone Creem is an American Democratic politician who has represented Norfolk and Middlesex in the Massachusetts Senate since 1999, after serving on the Newton Board of Aldermen.
Cynthia Enloe
Cynthia Enloe, American feminist political scientist at Clark University, pioneer of feminist international relations; author of Bananas, Beaches and Bases (1989), Maneuvers, and Twelve Feminist Lessons of War.
Cynthia Germanotta
Cynthia Bissett Germanotta is an American former telecommunications executive who co-founded and leads the Born This Way Foundation, a youth mental-health nonprofit, with her daughter Lady Gaga.
Cynthia Lummis
Cynthia Lummis, Wyoming's first female U.S. senator (Republican, seated 2021), former state treasurer and 2009–2017 congresswoman, lead Senate crypto lawmaker (CLARITY Act, BITCOIN Act), not seeking 2026 reelection.
Cynthia M. Rufe
Cynthia M. Rufe, born 1948 in Philadelphia, is an American jurist appointed by President George W. Bush in 2002 to the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, assuming senior status in 2021.
Cynthia McKinney
Cynthia Ann McKinney, American politician, six-term Democratic U.S. representative from Georgia (1993–2003, 2005–2007), first African-American woman from Georgia in Congress, defeated in 2002 and 2006 primaries, 2008 Green Party presidential nominee.